Vol. 119
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2011-08-08
Optimization of the Synchronization Bandwidth of Rationally Synchronized Oscillators Based on Bifurcation Control
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 119, 299-313, 2011
Abstract
In this work, a nonlinear technique for the optimization of the synchronization bandwidth of Rationally Synchronized Oscillators (RSO) is presented. The circuit is forced to operate near a Hopf bifurcation point which is created around the frequency of the input reference signal. Under this operating regime, the reference signal is strongly amplified and the synchronization bandwidth of the circuit is considerably improved. A 5-3 GHz rationally synchronized oscillator has been optimized using the proposed method. The manufactured RSO provides a 5 MHz synchronization bandwidth with a reference signal power of -22 dBm, in good agreement with simulation results.
Citation
Miguel Fernandez-Garcia, Samuel Ver-Hoeye, Carlos Vazquez-Antuna, George Roberto Hotopan, Rene Camblor-Diaz, and Fernando Las Heras Andres, "Optimization of the Synchronization Bandwidth of Rationally Synchronized Oscillators Based on Bifurcation Control," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 119, 299-313, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11062007
References

1. Myoung, S.-S., Y.-J. An, and J.-G. Yook, "A novel 10 GHz super-heterodyne bio-radar system based on a frequency multiplier and phase-locked loop," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 19, 149-162, 2011.

2. Garcia, J. A., L. Cabria, and R. Marante, "An unbiased dual-mode mixing antenna for wireless transponders," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 102, 1-14, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER09122209

3. Goel, P. and K. J. Vinoy, "A low-cost phased array antenna integraded with phase shifters cofabricated on the laminate," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 30, 255-277, 2011.

4. Vazquez Antuna, C., G. R. Hotopan, S. Ver Hoeye, M. Fernandez Garcia, L. F. Herran Ontanon, and F. Las-Heras Andrés, "Microstrip antenna design based on stacked patches for recon¯gurable two dimensional planar array topologies," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 97, 95-104, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09072107

5. Ver Hoeye, S., A. Suarez, and S. Sancho, "Analysis of noise effects on the nonlinear dynamics of synchronized oscillators," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 11, No. 9, 376-378, 2001.
doi:10.1109/7260.950766

6. Chang, H. C., A. P. Yeh, and R. A. York, "Analysis of oscillators with external feedback loop for improved locking range and noise reduction," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 47, No. 8, 1535-1537, 1999.

7. Ramirez, F., E. De Cos, and A. Suarez, "Nonlinear analysis tools for the optimized design of harmonic-injection dividers," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 6, 1752-1762, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.812579

8. Ver Hoeye, S., L. Gutierrez, S. Sancho, A. Suarez, and P. Gonzalez, "Sub-harmonic and rational synchronization for phase-noise improvement," Proc. 31st Eur. Microw. Conference, Vol. 1, No. 1, 237-240, 2001.

9. Ver Hoeye, S., L. F. Herran, M. Fernandez, and F. Las Heras, "Design and analysis of a microwave large-range variable phase-shifter based on an injection-locked harmonic self-oscillating mixer," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, No. 6, 342-344, 2006.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2006.875623

10. Vazquez, C., S. Ver Hoeye, M. Fernandez, L. F. Herran, and F. Las Heras, "Analysis of the performance of injection ocked oscillators in a data transmitting polarisation agile antenna application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 12, 1-10, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERL09062504

11. Ver Hoeye, S., C. Vazquez, M. Gonzalez, M. Fernandez, L. F. Herran, and F. Las Heras, "Multi-harmonic DC-bias network based on arbitrarily width modulated microstrip line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 11, 119-128, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERL09071605

12. Ramirez, F., M. Ponton, S. Sancho, and A. Suarez, "Phase-noise analysis of injection-locked oscillators and analog frequency dividers ," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 56, No. 2, 393-407, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2007.914375

13. Schmideg, I., "Harmonic synchronization of nonlinear oscillators," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 59, No. 9, 1250-1251, 1971.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1971.8374

14. Zhang, X., X. Zhou, and A. S. Daryoush, "A theoretical and experimental study of the noise behavior of subharmonically injection locked local oscillators," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 40, No. 5, 895-902, 1992.
doi:10.1109/22.137395

15. Kudszus, S., T. Berceli, A. Tessmann, M. Neumann, and W. H. Haydl, "W-band HEMT oscillator MMICs using subharmonic injection locking," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 48, No. 12, 2526-2532, 2000.
doi:10.1109/22.899008

16. Ver Hoeye, S., S., M. G. Corredoiras, M. Fernandez, C. Vazquez, L. F. Herran, and F. Las Heras, "Harmonic optimization of rationally synchronized oscillators," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 19, No. 5, 317-319, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2009.2017604

17. Lee, K.-C. and C.-W. Huang, "Analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits by particle swarm algorithm," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 10, 1353-1365, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783239474

18. Gonzalez-Posadas, V., J. L. Jimenez-Martin, A. Parra-Cerrada, D. Segovia-Vargas, and L. E. Garcia-Munoz, "Oscillator accurate linear analysis and design. Classic linear methods review and comments ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 118, 89-116, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11041403

19. Ganji, S. S., D. D. Ganji, and S. Karimpour, "Determination of the frequency-amplitude relation for nonlinear oscillators with fractional potential using He's energy balanced method ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 5, 21-33, 2008.

20. Akbarzade, M., D. D. Ganji, and H. Pashaei, "Analysis of nonlinear oscillators with un force by He's energy balance method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 3, 57-66, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERC08032901

21. Vahdati, H. and A. Abdipour, "Nonlinear stability analysis of an oscillator using the periodic averaging method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 179-193, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07100101

22. Vahdati, H. and A. Abdipour, "Nonlinear stability analysis of an oscillator with distributed element resonator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 80, 241-252, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07111701

23. Combes, P. F., J. Graffeuil, and J. F. Sautereau, Microwave Components, Devices and Circuits, Wiley, New York, 1987.

24. Makeeva, G. S., O. A. Golovanov, and M. Pardavi-Horvath, "Mathematical modeling of nonlinear waves and oscillations in gyromagnetic structures by bifurcation theory methods," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 11, 1503-1510, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779274363

25. Fernandez, M., S. Ver Hoeye, L. F. Herran, and F. Las Heras, "Nonlinear optimization of wide-band harmonic self-oscillating mixers ," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 18, No. 5, 347-349, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2008.922128

26. Xie, H., J. Wang, R. Fan, and Y. Liu, "Study of loss effect of transmission lines and validity of a Spice model in electromagnetic topology ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 90, 89-103, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08121605

27. See, K. Y., E. K. Chua, and Z.-H. Liu, "Accurate and efficient evaluation of MoM matrix based on a generalized analytical approach ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 367-382, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09063002

28. Gurel, L., O. Ergul, A. Unal, and T. Malas, "Fast and accurate analysis of large metamaterial structures using the Multilevel Fast Multipole algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research , Vol. 95, 179-198, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09060106

29. Chiang, C. T. and B.-K. Chung, "Ultra wideband power divider using tapered line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 61-73, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10061603

30. Ma, J., T. Jing, and Y.-Z. Yin, "Compact and wideband DC bias line based on defected ground structure," Journal of Electromagnetics Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 4, 435-443, 2010.

31. Park, C., H. Seo, and B. Kim, "A noise optimized passive mixer for charge-domain sampling applications," Journal of Electromagnetics Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 14-15, 1909-1917, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309789932458

32. Wu, T., H. Tang, and F. Xiao, "Research on the coherent phase noise of millimeter-wave doppler radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 5, 23-34, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL08101802

33. Suarez, A., S. Sancho, S. Ver Hoeye, and J. Portilla, "Analytical comparison between time- and frequency-domain techniques for phase-noise analysis," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50, No. 10, 2353-2361, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2002.803457