Vol. 79
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2007-10-17
An Exact Solution of Coherent Wave Propagation in Rain Medium with Realistic Raindrop Shapes
By
, Vol. 79, 107-118, 2008
Abstract
Computation of coherent electromagnetic wave propagation through rain medium with a realistic raindrop shape is the subject of this work. T-Matrix approach towards the computation of forward scattering amplitude of raindrops is considered numerically exact. The results of Total Cross Section and forward scattering amplitude due to raindrops with MPP model shape are calculated by T-Matrix method. Both horizontal and vertical polarization of incident wave are considered where specific attenuation, phase shift and cross polarization discrimination (XPD) for terrestrial coherent electromagnetic wave propagation in the frequency range of 3-300 GHz are presented. Furthermore the effect of temperature on specific attenuation vs. frequency is investigated.
Citation
Mohammad Bahrami, and Jalil Rashed-Mohassel, "An Exact Solution of Coherent Wave Propagation in Rain Medium with Realistic Raindrop Shapes," , Vol. 79, 107-118, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07100602
References

1. Mandeep, J. S., "Rain attenuation predictions at Ku-band in South East Asia countries," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 65-74, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07062605

2. Panagopoulos, A. D. and G. E. Chatzarakis, "Outage performance of single/dual polarized fixed wireless access links in heavy climatic regions," J. of Electromagnetic Waves and Application, No. 3, 283-297, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307779367387

3. Mandeep, J. S., "Equatorial rainfall measurements on Ku-band datellite communication downlink," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 195-200, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07070901

4. Chen, K. S. and C. Y. Chu, "A propagation study of the 28 GHz LMDS system performance with M-QAM modulations under rain fading," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 68, 35-51, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER06070603

5. Georgiadou, E. M., A. D. Panagopoulos, and J. D. Kaanellopoulos, "Millimeter wave pulse propagation through distorted raindrops for LOS fixed wireless access channels," J. of Electromagnetic Waves and Application, No. 9, 1235-1248, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306777442953

6. Battaglia, A., F. Prodi, and O. Sturniolo, "Radar and scattering parameters through falling hydrometeors with axisymmetric shapes," Applied Optics, Vol. 40, No. 18/20, 3092-3100, 2001.
doi:10.1364/AO.40.003092

7. Pruppacher, H. R. and R. L. Pitter, "A semi-empirical determination of the shape of cloud and rain drops," Journal of the Atmospheric Science, Vol. 28, No. 1, 86-94, 1971.
doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0086:ASEDOT>2.0.CO;2

8. Oguchi, T., "Scattering properties of Pruppacher-and-Pitter form rain-drops and cross polarization due to rain: Calculation at 11, 13, 19.3, and 34.8 GHz," Radio Science, Vol. 12, 41-51, 1977.
doi:10.1029/RS012i001p00041

9. Li, L.-W., P.-S. Kooi, M.-S. Leong, T.-S. Yeo, and M.-Z. Gao, "Microwave attenuation by realistically distorted raindrops: Part I-Theory," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 43, No. 8, 811-822, 1995.
doi:10.1080/07408179508936798

10. De Wolf, D. A. and A. J. Zwiesler, "Rayleigh-Mie approximation for line-of-sigth propagation through rain at 5–90 GHz," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 44, No. 3, 273-279, 1996.

11. Oguchi, T., "Attenuation and phase rotation of radio waves due to rain: Calculations at 19.3 and 34.8 GHz," Radio Science, Vol. 8, No. 1, 31-38, 1973.
doi:10.1029/RS008i001p00031

12. Li, L.-W., T.-S. Yeo, P.-S. Kooi, and M.-S. Leong, "An efficient calculation approach to evaluation of microwave specific attenuation," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 48, No. 8, 1220-1229, 2000.

13. Ajose, S. O. and M. N. O. Sadiku, "Computation of attenuation, phase rotation, and cross-polarization of radio waves due to rainfall in tropical regions," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1-5, 1995.

14. Lin, D.-P. and H.-Y. Chen, "Volume integral equation solution of extinction cross section by raindrops in the range 0.6-100GHz," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 49, No. 3, 494-499, 2001.

15. Li, L.-W., T. S. Yeo, P. S. Kooi, and M. S. Leong, "Microwave specific attenuation by oblate spheroidal raindrops: an exact analysis of TCS's in terms of spheroidal wave functions," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 18, 127-150, 1998.
doi:10.2528/PIER97080100

16. Holt, A. R., N. K. Uzunoglu, and B. G. Evans, "An integral solution to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by dielectric spheroids and ellipsoids," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 26, No. 5, 706-712, 1978.

17. Seow, Y. L., L.-W. Li, M.-S. Leong, P.-S. Kooi, and T.-S. Yeo, "An efficient TCS formula for rainfall microwave attenuation: TMatrix approach and 3-Dfitting for oblate spheroidal raindrops," IEEE Trans. on AP, Vol. 46, No. 8, 1176-1181, 1998.

18. Oguchi, T., "Electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in rain and other hydrometeors," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 71, No. 9, 1029-1079, 1983.

19. Mishchenko, M. I., L. D. Travis, and A. A. Lacis, Scattering AbsorptionAbsorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2004.

20. ITU-R P.840-3, , Attenuation due to clouds and fogs, October 1999.

21. Gong, S. H. and J. Y. Huang, "Accurate analytical model of equivalent dielectric constant for rain medium," J. of Electromagnetic Waves and Application, Vol. 20, No. 13, 1775-1783, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292228