volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In antenna design, the low side lobe level (SLL) of the antenna radiation pattern plays a crucial role in communication systems as it reduces signal interference along the entire side lobes of the radiation pattern. This paper presents an effective technique to minimize the SLL and thus improve the radiation pattern of the concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) using an advanced marine predator algorithm (AMPA). The AMPA is inspired by the predator-prey relationship in aquatic ecosystems, and it incorporates an improved adaptive velocity update strategy and a chaotic sequence parameter. In this work, the AMPA is applied to synthesize two examples of CCAA (4, 6, 8-CCAA elements and 8, 10, 12-CCAA elements) under two different instances (without and with a centre element). The simulation results achieved a significant improvement in SLL minimization as compared to the uniform array, the standard marine predator algorithm (MPA), and some other nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms.

1. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2012.

2. Bera, R., K. Kundu, and N. N. Pathak, "Optimal pattern synthesis of thinned and non-uniformly excited concentric circular array antennas using hybrid GSA-PSO technique," Radioengineering, Vol. 27, No. 2, 369-385, Jun. 2019.
doi:10.13164/re.2019.0369

3. Amaireh, A. A., A. S. Al-Zoubi, and N. I. Dib, "Sidelobe-level suppression for circular antenna array via new hybrid optimization algorithm based on antlion and grasshopper optimization algorithms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 93, 49-63, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19040909

4. Durmus, A. and R. Kurban, "Optimal synthesis of concentric circular antenna arrays using political optimizer," IETE J. Res., Vol. 68, No. 1, 768-777, Jan. 2022.
doi:10.1080/03772063.2021.1902871

5. Wang, T., K.-W. Xia, H.-L. Tang, S.-W. Zhang, and M. Sandrine, "A modified wolf pack algorithm for multiconstrained sparse linear array synthesis," Int. J. Antennas Propag., Vol. 2020, No. 9483971, 1-12, Jan. 2020.

6. Liu, J., Z. Zhao, K. Yang, and Q. H. Liu, "A hybrid optimization for pattern synthesis of large antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 145, 81-91, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIER13121606

7. Owoola, E. O., K. Xia, T. Wang, A. Umar, and R. G. Akindele, "Pattern synthesis of uniform and sparse linear antenna array using mayfly algorithm," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 1-22, 2021.

8. Owoola, E. O., K. Xia, S. Ogunjo, S. Mukase, and A. Mohamed, "Advanced marine predator algorithm for circular antenna array pattern synthesis," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 15, 5779, Aug. 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22155779

9. Mandal, D., S. P. Ghoshal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee, "Optimal design of concentric circular antenna array using particle swarm optimization with constriction factor approach," Int. J. Comput. Appl., Vol. 1, No. 17, 112-116, 2010.

10. Guney, K., A. Durmus, and S. Basbug, "Backtracking search optimization algorithm for synthesis of concentric circular antenna arrays," Int. J. Antennas Propag., Vol. 2014, 2014.

11. Ram, G., D. Mandal, R. Kar, and S. P. Ghoshal, "Circular and concentric circular antenna array synthesis using cat swarm optimization," IETE Tech. Rev., Vol. 32, No. 3, 204-217, 2015.
doi:10.1080/02564602.2014.1002543

12. Ram, G., D. Mandal, R. Kar, and S. P. Ghoshal, "Directivity improvement and optimal far field pattern of time modulated concentric circular antenna array using hybrid evolutionary algorithms," Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol., Vol. 9, No. 1, 177-190, 2017.
doi:10.1017/S1759078715001075

13. Ram, G., D. Mandal, R. Kar, and S. P. Ghoshal, "Opposition-based BAT algorithm for optimal design of circular and concentric circular arrays with improved far-field radiation characteristics," Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Networks, Devices Fields, Vol. 30, No. 3-4, e2087, May 2017.
doi:10.1002/jnm.2087

14. Babayigit, B., "Synthesis of concentric circular antenna arrays using dragonfly algorithm," Int. J. Electron., Vol. 105, No. 5, 784-793, May 2018.
doi:10.1080/00207217.2017.1407964

15. Das, A., D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and R. Kar, "Concentric circular antenna array synthesis for side lobe suppression using moth flame optimization," AEU --- Int. J. Electron. Commun., Vol. 86, 177-184, Mar. 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.01.017

16. Dib, N., "Design of planar concentric circular antenna arrays with reduced side lobe level using symbiotic organisms search," Neural Comput. Appl., Vol. 30, No. 12, 3859-3868, Dec. 2018.
doi:10.1007/s00521-017-2971-2

17. Sun, G., Y. Liu, Z. Chen, S. Liang, A. Wang, and Y. Zhang, "Radiation beam pattern synthesis of concentric circular antenna arrays using hybrid approach based on cuckoo search," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 66, No. 9, 4563-4576, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2846771

18. Ismaiel, A. M., E. Elsaidy, Y. Albagory, H. A. Atallah, A. B. Abdel-Rahman, and T. Sallam, "Performance improvement of high altitude platform using concentric circular antenna array based on particle swarm optimization," AEU --- Int. J. Electron. Commun., Vol. 91, 85-90, Jul. 2018.

19. Das, A., D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and R. Kar, "An optimal mutually coupled concentric circular antenna array synthesis using ant lion optimization," Ann. Telecommun., Vol. 74, No. 11-12, 687-696, Dec. 2019.
doi:10.1007/s12243-019-00729-3

20. Jamunaa, D., F. N. Hasoon, and G. K. Mahanti, "Symbiotic organisms search optimisation algorithm for synthesis of phase-only reconfigurable concentric circular antenna array with uniform amplitude distribution," Int. J. Electron. Lett., Vol. 8, No. 4, 460-471, Oct. 2020.
doi:10.1080/21681724.2019.1636294

21. Faramarzi, A., M. Heidarinejad, S. Mirjalili, and A. H. Gandomi, "Marine predators algorithm: A nature-inspired metaheuristic," Expert Syst. Appl., Vol. 152, 113377, Aug. 2020.
doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113377

22. Chen, X., X. Qi, Z. Wang, C. Cui, B. Wu, and Y. Yang, "Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing using marine predators algorithm-based support vector machine and topology learning and out-of-sample embedding," Measurement, Vol. 176, No. 2020, 109116, May 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109116

23. Chen, G., Y. Xiao, F. Long, X. Hu, and H. Long, "An improved marine predators algorithm for short-term hydrothermal scheduling," IAENG Int. J. Appl. Math., Vol. 51, No. 4, 1-14, 2021.

24. Ramezani, M., D. Bahmanyar, and N. Razmjooy, "A new improved model of marine predator algorithm for optimization problems," Arab. J. Sci. Eng., Vol. 46, No. 9, 8803-8826, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s13369-021-05688-3

25. Bouchekara, H., "Solution of the optimal power flow problem considering security constraints using an improved chaotic electromagnetic field optimization algorithm," Neural Comput. Appl., Vol. 32, No. 7, 2683-2703, Apr. 2020.
doi:10.1007/s00521-019-04298-3

Dr. Eunice Oluwabunmi Owoola

Professor Kewen Xia

Dr. Victor O. Adewuyi

Dr. Paul Shekonya Kanda