PIER C | PIER Journals

2012-07-05

PIER C

Vol. 30, 253-265, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12052509

download: 224

High-Order Dual-Band Bandpass Filter with Independently Controllable Frequencies and Bandwidths

Qing-Xin Chu and Zhi-Hui Li

A multi-stub-loaded resonator is presented in this paper. The resonators can be conveniently applied to design high-order dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs). Base on the analysis of the resonator, the first two even-mode resonant frequencies are controlled independently by the lengths of the loaded stubs. Two high-order dual-band BPFs using the first two even-mode resonant frequencies of the multi-stub-loaded resonators are proposed. The bandwidth of each passband can be adjusted independently by the coupling strength of the adjacent resonators. This paper deals with the analysis and design of the proposed high-order dual-band BPFs as well as the experimental validations of the predicted dual-band performance.

HIGH-ORDER DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER WITH INDEPENDENTLY CONTROLLABLE FREQUENCIES AND BANDWIDTHS

2012-06-23

PIER C

Vol. 30, 241-252, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12041704

download: 519

Dielectric Loading for Bandwidth Enhancement of Ultra-Wide Band Wire Monopole Antenna

Irena Zivkovic

This work presents the results of numerical simulations and parametric studies of dielectric loaded wire monopole antenna, of which the main advantage is bandwidth enhancement. Introducing dielectric loading makes it possible to tune antenna to operate over a frequency range not covered with unloaded antenna, while maintaining an omnidirectional radiation pattern. The simulations are performed when loading is done with lossy as well as lossless dielectric and the results are compared. The observational frequency range is extended up to 40 GHz. In addition, the simulated results are compared with the measured S₁₁ of four fabricated antennas loaded with lossy dielectric and a good agreement is obtained.

DIELECTRIC LOADING FOR BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF ULTRA-WIDE BAND WIRE MONOPOLE ANTENNA

2012-06-22

PIER C

Vol. 30, 225-239, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12050205

download: 184

Novel Design of Symmetric Photonic Bandgap Based Image Encryption System

Nihal Fayez Fahmy Areed and Salah S. A. Obayya

A novel approach for the design of image encryption system based on one stage of 3D photonic bandgap structure is proposed. Using the Finite Integration Time Domain (FITD) method, the performance of the proposed design is optimized through the utilization of the reflection properties from 3D photonic bandgap structure while maintaining constant phase encoding. To demonstrate the robustness of the suggested encryption system, root mean square error is calculated between the original and decrypted images revealing the high accuracy in retrieving the images. In addition, as the proposed system renders itself as easy to fabricate, it has an excellent potential for being very useful in both microwaves and photonics imaging system applications.

NOVEL DESIGN OF SYMMETRIC PHOTONIC BANDGAP BASED IMAGE ENCRYPTION SYSTEM

2012-06-18

PIER C

Vol. 30, 213-223, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12041714

download: 229

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antenna for Compass Navigation Satellite System

Hangying Yuan , Jieqiu Zhang , Shaobo Qu , Hang Zhou , Jiafu Wang , Hua Ma and Zhuo Xu

With the development of China's Compass Navigation Satellite System (CNSS), the demand for terminal antennas is quite urgent. In CNSS system, dual-band antennas are more attractive, because they can provide both the navigation and communication functions. In addition, since the `BEIDOU' antennas operate at low frequencies, they are not easy to be installed due to their usually large volumes, limiting their practical application. In this paper, we present a dual-band miniaturized CNSS microstrip antenna based on high-permittivity ceramic substrate. This antenna works at S Band (2492 MHz±5 MHz, right-handed circular polarization, RHCP) and L Band (1616±5 MHz, left-handed circular polarization, LHCP). Numerical results show that the impedance bandwidth (S₁₁<-10 dB), 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth and antenna gain at L Band are about 26 MHz, 6.5 MHz and 3.22 dB, respectively. While the impedance bandwidth (S₁₁<-10 dB), 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth and antenna gain at S Band are about 127 MHz, 28 MHz and 4.72 dB, respectively. An experiment was carried out to verify our design and the measured results agree well with the simulation ones. In addition, by using high-permittivity ceramic (ε_r=16) as the substrate, the antenna keeps its performances with a reduced size by 80% comparing with the conventional ones using low-permittivity substrates. This makes it suitable for practical applications.

DUAL-BAND DUAL-POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR COMPASS NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM

2012-06-18

PIER C

Vol. 30, 201-211, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12041301

download: 204

Quad-Band Rectangular Wide-Slot Antenna for GPS/WiMAX /WLAN Applications

Ling Xiong , Peng Gao and Pengju Tang

A compact quad-band rectangular wide-slot antenna is developed for GPS L1 band, 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX and 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications. The planar antenna consists of an L-shaped microstrip feed line and three stubs extending from the wide-slot on the ground plane. The performance of the antenna is enhanced by etching meander line on the top of the wide-slot. The proposed antenna has a size of 36*42*1 mm³ which is more compact than the previously reported antennas for the same application. The antenna has been simulated, fabricated and measured successfully. The measured results show that the antenna has the impedance bandwidths of 160 MHz (1.54-1.7 GHz), 380 MHz (2.38-2.76 GHz), 570 MHz (3.2-3.77 GHz) and 1130 MHz (5.12-6.25 GHz) for S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB. In addition, good radiation characteristics and stable antenna gains over the operating bands are obtained.

QUAD-BAND RECTANGULAR WIDE-SLOT ANTENNA FOR GPS/WIMAX/WLAN APPLICATIONS

2012-06-18

PIER C

Vol. 30, 189-199, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12050704

download: 218

Measurement of Electrical Characteristics of Female Breast Tissues for the Development of the Breast Cancer Detector

Tae-Hong Kim and Jeong-Ki Pack

In this paper, dielectric characteristics of female breast tissues were measured. Breast Tissues were mainly composed of fat, fibro-glandular and tumor. Measured tissues were directly extracted from mice and a rat just before the measurements to maintain the tissues as fresh as living ones before degeneration. This makes the measured results more accurate. Because the extracted tissues were very thin, they were measured by two methods using HP probe and a newly designed two-port sample holder. Numerical results for the two-port sample holder were obtained for both the forward and inverse problems. Dielectric properties of breast tissues were measured in the frequency range between 50 MHz and 5 GHz. We calculated the electrical constant with the measured data from the two-port sample holder. As a result of the measurement, the dispersion characteristics of the female breast tissues were fitted into the first Cole-Cole model.

MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE BREAST TISSUES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BREAST CANCER DETECTOR

2012-06-16

PIER C

Vol. 30, 173-188, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12032601

download: 218

Design, Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Wideband Circularly Polarized Capacitive Fed Microstrip Antenna

Sathiyamoorthy Murugan and Vayanaperumal Rajamani

Wideband Circularly polarized antenna receive much attention in the wireless communication applications such as Global positioning system (GPS) and Personal communication system (PCS). In this paper, a microstrip square patch, truncated in opposite corners, suspended above the ground plane is proposed. The geometry incorporates the capacitive feed strip which is fed by a coaxial probe. The proposed structure is designed, simulated and fabricated to cover the entire frequency of GPS, i.e., L₁ (1.575 GHz), L₂ (1.227 GHz), and L₅ (1.176 GHz), covering from (1.15 GHz-1.6 GHz). The parameters such as return loss, VSWR, impedance, radiation efficiency axial ratio and radiation pattern are used for analyzing the performance of the antenna. Both simulated and experimental results are presented and they exhibit broadband characteristics, covering the desired frequency bands.

DESIGN, SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WIDEBAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED CAPACITIVE FED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

2012-06-16

PIER C

Vol. 30, 159-172, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12042905

download: 266

Multi-Layer Substrate Integrated Waveguide E-Plane Power Divider

Pejman Mohammadi and Simsek Demir

A new multilayer power divider with Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed. In this work, two-way and four-way power dividers realizations by two-layer and three-layer SIW, respectively, are presented. Considering the small size of the structure, extension of this method to n-way power dividers and antenna feed networks are possible, and it has the potential for integration of compact multi-layer SIW circuits. Due to the lack of a multiport counterpart of the two-port thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, scattering matrix of an n-way power divider must be reconstructed from measured data. A method is introduced for reconstruction of S-parameters of the n-port noncoaxial device with a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). The two-way power divider is designed for 8.7-10.5 GHz band. Transmission coefficient about -3.5 dB and return loss below -10 dB has been measured for this two-way power divider. For four-way power divider, transmission about -7 dB in the 9.5-10.5 GHz has been achieved.

MULTI-LAYER SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE E-PLANE POWER DIVIDER

2012-06-16

PIER C

Vol. 30, 147-158, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12050813

download: 237

A High Gain Dielectric Resonator Loaded Patch Antenna

Saeed Fakhte , Homayoon Oraizi and Mohammad Vadjed-Samiei

A dielectric resonator loaded patch antenna excited by a coaxial cable is proposed in this paper. The results from measurement show a wide impedance bandwidth of 57.1% from 3.75 GHz to 6.75 GHz and a peak gain of 11.5 dB at the center of frequency band with an average gain improvement of 3 dB over the frequency band in comparison with the common dielectric resonator antennas. These results are in good agreement with those obtained by the computer simulations. A simple study of the antenna shows that the aperture size increase is the cause of gain enhancement. A theoretical model based on the simulated gain results of reference antenna and its equivalent aperture is presented for the proposed antenna structure with good agreement with simulation and measurement results. The advantages of the proposed antenna are high gain with broad bandwidth, and low fabrication cost in comparison to other types of high gain DRAs having narrow bandwidths and complex structures.

A HIGH GAIN DIELECTRIC RESONATOR LOADED PATCH ANTENNA

2012-06-12

PIER C

Vol. 30, 131-145, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12041011

download: 210

A Reconfigurable Ultrawideband (UWB) Compact Tree-Design Antenna System

Muzammil Jusoh , Mohd Faizal Bin Jamlos , Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin , Mohd Fareq Abd Malek , Mohd Asmi Romli , Zahari Awang Ahmad , Mohd Hafizuddin Mat and Muhammad Solihin Zulkefli

A novel compact tree-design antenna (NCTA) with the ability of reconfigurable ultra-wideband (UWB) of 3.1 GHz to 10.6GHz to five multi-narrowband applications is proposed. This antenna has a novel radiating element design that consists of seven small circles (7-filter) surrounding a central circle. Moreover, the NCTA incorporates the 7-filter that functioned as filter into the antenna design. The compact 38mm x 38mm antenna integrates three PIN diode switches, which are connected to a single National Instrument Data Acquisition (NI-DAQ) Board. The DAQ itself is controlled (ON/OFF state) by a virtual instrument known as "Lab VIEW Interface Software". The activation of specific PIN diode switches in the configuration that is controlled by the DAQ then, in turn, determines the frequency agility. The presented antenna is capable of performing up to five multi-bands. The operating frequencies are as follows; band 1 (2.72-11.8 GHz), band 2 (2.4-4 GHz, 5.3-11.6 GHz), band 3 (2.7-6.5 GHz, 7.1-11.6 GHz), band 4 (2.7-4.4 GHz, 5.2-6.5 GHz, 7.1-11.7 GHz) and band 5 (2.6-3.5 GHz, 4.8-7.0 GHz, 7.4 GHz-11.5 GHz). Furthermore, the antenna has a gain of up to 6dBi, which is considered better than that of conventional antenna. The proposed antenna produces a proficient divisive radiation pattern at 4 and 6 GHz. The experimental results exhibit the success of the antenna performance. It is competent as future candidate for cognitive radio and military applications.

A RECONFIGURABLE ULTRAWIDEBAND (UWB) COMPACT TREE-DESIGN ANTENNA SYSTEM

2012-06-11

PIER C

Vol. 30, 119-130, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12040310

download: 199

Miniaturized Ultrawideband Wide Slot Antenna with Dual Band-Notches and Eliminating Spurious Stop Band

Zhong-Min Yan , Yun-Sheng Xu and Weidong Wang

A wide slot antenna fed by a microstrip line ended with a hexagonal tuning stub and its variation with dual band-notched function for ultrawideband operations are presented. The fundamental configuration is a rectangular slot on a printed circuit board with a low relative dielectric constant of 2.65. Three tuning stubs are employed at the edges of the slot to ensure the impedance matching. This original antenna achieves an operation bandwidth from 3.1 to 11.5 GHz with a stable gain performance and a very compact size of 22 mm×22 mm×0.5 mm. By etching a C-shaped slit and a Hilbert fractal curve slit on the original antenna without retuning, band-notched characteristics in the 3.40-3.69 GHz WiMAX band and the 5.15-5.825 GHz WLAN band can be realized, respectively. A rectangular patch is added to eliminate the spurious notched band around 10.5 GHz.

MINIATURIZED ULTRAWIDEBAND WIDE SLOT ANTENNA WITH DUAL BAND-NOTCHES AND ELIMINATING SPURIOUS STOP BAND

2012-06-11

PIER C

Vol. 30, 105-118, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12042704

download: 211

One Decade Microwave Forward Network Analyzer Based on the Multi-Port Technique

Kamel Haddadi and Tuami Lasri

This paper presents a one decade low-cost forward network analyzer based on a modified six-port technique. An instrumentation integrating the hardware and software resources offering advantages such as robustness and compactness is developed. The microwave part of the system is fabricated in planar technology. Associated to this system, a one-step calibration procedure is implemented on an 8-bits microcontroller. The performance, in term of measurement accuracy, is evaluated by comparing the results obtained from the system proposed to those given by a conventional network analyzer in the frequency band 1-10 GHz.

ONE DECADE MICROWAVE FORWARD NETWORK ANALYZER BASED ON THE MULTI-PORT TECHNIQUE

2012-06-08

PIER C

Vol. 30, 93-103, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12041816

download: 193

High Gain Linear Polarization Switchable Planar Array Antenna

Md. Azad Hossain , Eisuke Nishiyama , Ichihiko Toyoda and Masayoshi Aikawa

In this paper, a linear polarization switchable planar array antenna with enhanced gain and better crosspolarization is proposed. The proposed array antenna consists of a fed patch and four parasitic patches. Four switching diodes are loaded on the corners of the fed patch. The boundary condition of the fed patch is controlled by using the ON/OFF condition of the diodes, and the polarization angle of the array antenna can be orthogonally switched to ±45° with better than -22 dB of crosspolarization. The simulated gain of the array antenna is remarkably increased to 12 dBi by using four parasitic patches surrounding the fed patch. For matching the resonance frequency of the parasitic patches with the fed patch, a square slot is formed at the center of each parasitic patch. The characteristics of the proposed array antenna are investigated by the FDTD simulation method. The array antenna is fabricated and the experiment is carried out. Both the simulation and the experimental results of the proposed array antenna demonstrate the polarization switching functionality successfully with the enhanced gain in S-band.

HIGH GAIN LINEAR POLARIZATION SWITCHABLE PLANAR ARRAY ANTENNA

2012-06-07

PIER C

Vol. 30, 81-91, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12042709

download: 186

Design and Analysis of a Novel Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Suppressing Simultaneous Switching Noise

Hongmin Lu , Jian Zhao and Zhiyong Yu

An electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed to suppress the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) from 0.45 GHz to 5.3 GHz with an averaged suppression level of −66.4 dB. The design is based on the inductance enhancement by using meander lines to bridge slotted metal patches embedded into the power plane. Numerical simulation and experimental measurement are both used in the study for mutual verification. Compared to the conventional L-bridged EBG structure, the novel design increases the bandwidth by 15% and reduces the lower frequency by 150 MHz. A better omnidirectional SSN suppression is also achieved. For high-speed digital applications, the signal integrity is analyzed and improved.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP STRUCTURE FOR SUPPRESSING SIMULTANEOUS SWITCHING NOISE

2012-06-06

PIER C

Vol. 30, 65-80, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12032402

download: 222

Orthogonal Circular Polarization Detection Patch Array Antenna Using Double-Balanced RF Multiplier

Md. Azad Hossain , Yu Ushijima , Eisuke Nishiyama , Ichihiko Toyoda and Masayoshi Aikawa

In this paper, a technical concept and design of circular polarization detection patch array antenna using a double-balanced RF multiplier is proposed. The microwave integration technology is effectively employed to realize the proposed array antenna. The double-balanced RF multiplier is integrated with an orthogonal planar array antenna. The array antenna which consists of 12 patch elements and the RF multiplier is realized by embedding four zero bias Schottky barrier diodes on a slot-ring. The Both-sided MIC technology is successfully employed to realize the array antenna. The array antenna is realized in a very simple and compact structure as all the antenna elements, feeding circuit and the RF multiplier are integrated on both sides of a dielectric substrate. The ability of the proposed array antenna to detect the orthogonal circular polarization (LHCP and RHCP) is successfully confirmed by the experimental investigation.

ORTHOGONAL CIRCULAR POLARIZATION DETECTION PATCH ARRAY ANTENNA USING DOUBLE-BALANCED RF MULTIPLIER

2012-06-01

PIER C

Vol. 30, 53-64, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12032606

download: 191

Experimental Characterization of a 434 MHz Wireless Energy Link for Medical Applications

Giuseppina Monti , Luciano Tarricone and Carlo Trane

This paper presents an experimental study of the performance of a wireless resonant energy link for implantable biomedical devices. More specifically, the proposed system consists of two planar resonators: a primary resonator that is connected to a power source and operates outside the body, and a secondary resonator that is connected to the implanted device and operates inside the body. Each resonator is a planar spiral resonator; the wireless power transmission is obtained by exploiting the magnetic coupling between the two resonators when they are operating at small distances. A prototype working in the ISM band centered at 434 MHz has been developed and analyzed. Reported results confirm that the proposed system is a viable solution for wirelessly providing implantable devices with the power necessary for operation.

EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A 434 MHZ WIRELESS ENERGY LINK FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

2012-06-01

PIER C

Vol. 30, 41-52, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12041618

download: 393

Design of Millimeter-Wave Wideband Mixer with a Novel IF Block

Ming Zhou Zhan , Wei Zhao and Rui-Min Xu

In this paper, a novel suspended stripline IF block is proposed for the design of millimeter-wave finline balanced mixer which covers the full U-band. In high IF frequency applications, IF block of a finline mixer is needed to act as open terminal for IF signal, and is required to have minimum attenuation for LO signal. For the purpose of reducing the insertion loss of the IF block in the LO path, a novel compact low loss IF block is developed for the first time. Then the IF block, two Schottky diodes, a LPF, a finline to waveguide transition and a suspended stripline to waveguide transition are integrated together to compose the mixer. The RF port matching is designed by using impedance substitution method to achieve better RF return loss. The measured results show that a conversion loss of 4.1 to 9.6 dB over a 20 GHz instantaneous IF bandwidth has been achieved when sweeping RF from 40 to 60 GHz under fixed LO condition. The P_-1dB at RF port is higher than 5 dBm, and the return loss of RF port is between -18 to -4 dB.

DESIGN OF MILLIMETER-WAVE WIDEBAND MIXER WITH A NOVEL IF BLOCK

2012-05-31

PIER C

Vol. 30, 27-39, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12042002

download: 243

Platform-Robust Passive UHF RFID Tags: a Case-Study in Robotics

Luca Catarinucci , Salvatore Tedesco , Danilo De Donno and Luciano Tarricone

The use of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology in a large array of contexts is a matter of fact. In many cases, such as in robotic applications, the RFID tags should satisfy specific requisites so that read range, platform robustness, radiation properties, cost, and size must be properly taken into account during the design phase. In this work, the specific requirements of tags for RFID-assisted localization and navigation of mobile robots are highlighted and discussed. On such basis, an ad-hoc platform-robust RFID tag is designed, realized and exhaustively tested through both simulations and measurements. The achieved results are impressive and demonstrate the appropriateness of the proposed tag to operate in application scenarios where performance stability is mandatory.

PLATFORM-ROBUST PASSIVE UHF RFID TAGS: A CASE-STUDY IN ROBOTICS

2012-05-30

PIER C

Vol. 30, 15-26, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC11121804

download: 234

Radar HRRP Target Recognition Using Multi-Kfd-Based Lda Algorithm

Jian-Sheng Fu , Kuo Liao and Wanlin Yang

Linear double-layered feature extraction (DFE) technique has recently appeared in radar automatic target recognition (RATR). This paper develops this technique to a nonlinear field via parallelizing a series of kernel Fisher discriminant (KFD) units, and proposes a novel kernel-based DFE algorithm, namely, multi-KFD-based linear discriminant analysis (MKFD-LDA). In the proposed method, a multi-KFD (MKFD) parallel algorithm is constructed for feature extraction, and then the projection features on the MKFD subspace are further processed by LDA. Experimental results on radar HRRP databases indicate that, compared with some classical kernel-based methods, the proposed MKFD-LDA not only performs better and more harmonious recognition, but also keeps higher robustness to kernel parameters, lower training computational cost, and competitive noise immunity.

RADAR HRRP TARGET RECOGNITION USING MULTI-KFD-BASED LDA ALGORITHM

2012-05-30

PIER C

Vol. 30, 1-13, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIERC12030804

download: 180

A Human Body Model Exposed to a Cluster of Waves: a Statistical Study of SAR

Ourouk Jawad , David Lautru , Aziz Benlarbi-Delai , Jean Michel Dricot , Francois Horlin and Philippe De Doncker

The impact of wireless channel modelling on exposure to electromagnetic radiation is studied. Two methods are developed in order to assess the statistical properties of whole body Specific Absorption Rate for exposure estimation in indoor environment. The body model is exposed to a bundle of waves, named cluster, following the wireless channel modelling approach. The first method is analytical and based on the Uncorrelated Scattering Assumption of the incident waves. The second method is a classical stochastic method. The point is to identify the parameters of Wireless Channel which led to significant SAR's variation.