Vol. 57
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 130 [2024] PIERM 129 [2024] PIERM 128 [2024] PIERM 127 [2024] PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2017-06-16
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency Enhancement of the PANI-CSA Films at Broad Band Frequencies
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 57, 163-174, 2017
Abstract
A material sample of Camphour Sulphonic Acid doped Polyaniline (PANI-CSA) is contemplated towards its conceivable use as a microwave shield. Shielding towards electromagnetic interferences (EMI) is measured over various frequency bands by the waveguide method. Plane wave electromagnetic theory is used to generalize the overall reflection and transmission coefficients of the polymer. EMI shielding of the polymer, in the form of Shielding Efficiency (SE), is analyzed over the microwave frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz, demonstrating the potential value of the polymer as an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield for commercial purposes. The shielding film is fabricated using standard procedure with CSA as the dopant and m-cresol as the solvent. The shielding effectiveness as high as 45 dB for the sample of PANI doped with CSA is observed.
Citation
Sreekala P. Sasikumar, Vadakkekalathil Libi Mol, Dibin Mary George, Arimpoorpallan Lindo, Neeraj Kavalparambil Pushkaran, Honey John, and Chandroth K. Aanandan, "Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency Enhancement of the PANI-CSA Films at Broad Band Frequencies," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 57, 163-174, 2017.
doi:10.2528/PIERM17032205
References

1. Shirakawa, B. H., E. J. Louis, A. G. Macdiarmid, C. K. Chiang, and A. J. Heeger, "Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH) x," J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 578-580, 1977.
doi:10.1039/c39770000578

2. Roth, S. and W. Graupner, "Conductive polymers: Evaluation of industrial applications," Synth. Met., Vol. 57, No. 1, 3623-3631, 1993.
doi:10.1016/0379-6779(93)90487-H

3. Lee, C. Y., H. G. Song, K. S. Jang, E. J. Oh, A. J. Epstein, and J. Joo, "Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of polyaniline mixtures and multilayer films," Synth. Met., Vol. 102, No. 1-3, 1346-1349, 1999.
doi:10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00234-3

4. Luo, X. and D. D. L. Chung, "Electromagnetic interference shielding using continuous carbon-fiber carbon-matrix and polymer-matrix composites," Composites: Part B, Vol. 30, 227-231, 1999.
doi:10.1016/S1359-8368(98)00065-1

5. Jayasree, P. V. Y., V. S. S. N. S. Baba, B. Prabhakar Rao, and P. Lakshman, "Analysis of shielding effectiveness of single, double and laminated shields for oblique incidence of EM waves," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 22, 187-202, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERB10051305

6. Colaneri, N. F. and L.W. Shacklette, "EMI shielding measurements of conductive polymer blends," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 41, No. 2, 1992.
doi:10.1109/19.137363

7. Joo, J. and A. J. Epstein, "Electromagnetic radiation shielding by intrinsically conducting polymers," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 65, No. 18, 2278, 1994.
doi:10.1063/1.112717

8. Makela, T., S. Pienimaa, T. Taka, S. Jussilaa, and H. Isotaloa, "Thin polyaniline films in EMI shielding," Synthetic Metals, Vol. 85, 1335-1336, 1997.
doi:10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80259-7

9. Shui, X. and D. D. L. Chung, "Submicron Nickel filaments made by electroplating carbon filaments as a new filter material for Electromagnetic interference materials," J. Electron. Mater., Vol. 24, 107-113, 1995.
doi:10.1007/BF02659630

10. Lin, L. and D. D. L. Chung, "Electrical and mechanical properties of electrically conductive polyethersulfone composites," Composites, Vol. 25, 215, 1994.

11. Ott, H. W., Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1988.

12. Oh, K. W., D. J. Kim, and S. H. Kim, "Adhesion improvement of electroless copper plated layer on PET film-effect of pretreatment conditions," Polymer (Korea), Vol. 25, 302-310, 2001.

13. Saini, P., V. Choudhary, K. N. Sood, and S. K. Dhawan, "Electromagnetic interference shielding behavior of polyaniline/graphite composites prepared by in situ emulsion pathway," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 113, 3146-3155, 2009.
doi:10.1002/app.30183

14. Saini, P., V. Choudhary, and S. K. Dhawan, "Improved microwave absorption and electrostatic charge dissipation efficiencies of conducting polymer grafted fabrics prepared via in situ polymerization," Polym. Adv. Technol., Vol. 23, 343-349, 2012.
doi:10.1002/pat.1873

15. Trivedi, D. C., Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1997.

16. Saini, P., R. Jalan, and S. K. Dhawan, "Synthesis and characterization of processable polyaniline doped with novel dopant NaSIPA," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 108, 1437, 2008.
doi:10.1002/app.27827

17. Kohlman, R. S., J. Joo, and A. J. Epstein, Conducting Polymers: Electrical Conductivity, AIP Series in Polymers and Complex Materials, Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, edited by J. E. Mark, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 1996.

18. Rmili, H., J.-L. Miane, T. E. Olinga, and H. Zangar, "Microwave conductivity measurements of high conductive polyaniline films," Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact., Vol. 9, 77-96, 2004.
doi:10.1080/10236660490890493

19. Mazeikiene, R. and A. Malinauskas, "Electrochemical preparation and study of novel self-doped polyanilines," Mater. Chem. Phys., Vol. 83, 184-192, 2004.
doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.09.022

20. Ikkala, O. T., L.-O. Pietila, L. Ahjopalo, H. Österholm, and P. J. Passiniemi, "On the molecular recognition and associations between electrically conducting polyaniline and solvents," J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 103, 9855, 1995.
doi:10.1063/1.469952

21. Lee, K. H., B. J. Park, D. H. Song, I. J. Chin, and H. J. Choi, "The role of acidic m-cresol in polyaniline doped by camphorsulfonic acid," Polymer, Vol. 50, 4372-4377, 2009.
doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.009

22. Hong, Y. K., C. Y. Lee, C. K. Jeong, D. E. Lee, K. Kim, and J. Joo, "Method and apparatus to measure electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency and its shielding characteristics in broadband frequency ranges," Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 74, 1098-1102, 2003.
doi:10.1063/1.1532540

23. Joo, J., C. Y. Lee, H. G. Song, J.W. Kim, K. S. Jang, E. J. Oh, and A. J. Epstein, "Enhancement of electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of polyaniline through mixture and chemical doping," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 316, 367-370, 1998.
doi:10.1080/10587259808044529

24. Song, Y., H. Wang, and Y. Zheng, "Electric and electromagnetic shielding properties of highly conducting polyaniline films," International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 582, IEEE, 2002.
doi:10.1109/ELMAGC.2002.1177499

25. Joo, J. and C. Y. Lee, "High frequency electromagnetic interference shielding response of mixtures and multilayer films based on conducting polymers," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 88, 513, 2000.
doi:10.1063/1.373688

26. Wojkiewicz, J., J. Wojkiewicz, S. Fauveaux, and J. Miane, "Dielectric behavior and shielding properties of Polyaniline composites," IEEE 7th International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, 46-49, 2001.

27. Wessling, B., "Dispersion as the link between basic research and commercial applications of conductive polymers (polyaniline)," Synth. Met., Vol. 93, 143-154, 1998.
doi:10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00017-4

28. Kumar, K. K. S., S. Geetha, and D. C. Trivedi, "Freestanding conducting polyaniline film for the control of electromagnetic radiations," Current Applied Physics, Vol. 5, 603-608, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.cap.2004.08.004

29. Schelkunoff, S. A., Electromagnetic Waves, Van Nostrand, 1945.

30. Chen, Y., Y. Li, M. Yip, and N. Tai, "Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of polyaniline composites filled with graphene decorated with metallic nanoparticles," Compos. Sci. Technol., Vol. 80, 80-86, 2013.
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.02.024

31. Saini, P., V. Choudhary, B. P. Singh, R. B. Mathur, and S. K. Dhawan, "Enhanced microwave absorption behavior of polyaniline-CNT/polystyrene blend in 12.4-18.0 GHz range," Synth. Met., Vol. 161, 1522-1526, 2011.
doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.04.033

32. Morari, C., I. Balan, J. Pintea, E. Chitanu, and I. Iordache, "Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of Silicon rubber filled with ferrite and graphite powders," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 21, 93-104, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERM11080406

33. Lee, C. Y., D. E. Lee, C. K. Jeong, Y. K. Hong, J. H. Shim, J. Joo, M. S. Kim, J. Y. Lee, S. H. Jeong, S. W. Byun, D. S. Zang, and H. G. Yang, "Electromagnetic interference shielding by using conductive polypyrrole and metal compound coated on fabrics," Polym. Adv. Technol., Vol. 13, 577-583, 2002.
doi:10.1002/pat.227

34. Benhamou, S. M., M. Hamouni, and S. Khaldi, "Theoretical approach of electromagnetic shielding of multilayer conductive sheets," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 41, 167-175, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERM15020101

35. Hong, Y. K., C. Y. Lee, C. K. Jeong, D. E. Lee, K. Kim, and J. Joo, "Method and apparatus to measure electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency and its shielding characteristics in broadband frequency ranges," Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 74, No. 2, 1098-1102, 2003.
doi:10.1063/1.1532540

36. Park, S.-H. and P. T. Theilmann, "Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding through the use of functionalized carbon-nanotube-reactive polymer composites," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, No. 4, July 2010.

37. Lin, M. S. and C. H. Chen, "Plane-wave shielding characteristics of anisotropic laminated composites," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 35, No. 1, 21-27, 1993.
doi:10.1109/15.249392

38. Joo, J., H. G. Song, Y. C. Chung, and J. S. Baeck, "The effects of dopant and solvent on charge transport of doped polyanilines," Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 30, No. 2, 230-236, 1997.

39. Honey, J., S. Biju Kumar, K. T. Mathew, and J. Rani, "Effect of drying conditions on microwave conductivity of polyaniline," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 83, 2008-2012, 2002.

40. Joshi, A., A. Bajaj, R. Singh, A. Anand, P. S. Alegaonkar, and S. Datar, "Processing of graphene nanoribbon based hybrid composite for electromagnetic shielding," Composites: Part B, Vol. 69, 472-477, 2015.
doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.09.014

41. Salimbeygi, G., K. Nasouri, A. M. Shoushtari, R. Malek, and F. Mazaheri, "Microwave absorption properties of polyaniline/poly (vinyl alcohol)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites in thin film and nanofiber layer structures," Macromolecular Research, Vol. 23, No. 8, 741-748, 2015.
doi:10.1007/s13233-015-3102-5

42. Hoang, N. H., J. Wojkiewicz, J. Miane, and R. S. Biscarro, "Lightweight electromagnetic shields using optimized polyaniline composites in the microwave band," Polym. Adv. Technol., Vol. 18, 257-262, 2007.
doi:10.1002/pat.829

43. El Kamchi, N., B. Belaabed, J.-L. Wojkiewicz, S. Lamouri, and T. Lasri, "Hybrid polyaniline/nanomagnetic particles composites: High performance materials for EMI shielding," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 4426-4432, 2013.
doi:10.1002/app.38036

44. Niu, Y., "Preparation of polyaniline/polyacrylate composites and their application for electromagnetic interference shielding," Polymer Composites, 2006.

45. Fauveaux, S. and J. Miane, Broadband Electromagnetic Shields Using Polyaniline Composites, Vol. 23, 617-627, 2003.

46. Geetha, S., K. K. S. Kumar, C. R. K. Rao, M. Vijayan, and D. C. Trivedi, EMI Shielding: Methods and Materials - A Review, Vol. 112, No. 1, 2073-2086, 2009.