volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

By analyzing the characteristics of the super low frequency (SLF) electromagnetic wave in through the earth (TTE) communication, an orthogonal array of magnetic antenna is proposed for receiving SLF signal, and a new robust adaptive beamformer is used to process the received signals. The proposed beamformer is a multi-input generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with a coefficient constrained adaptive blocking matrix and a filter based on minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion. It can reduce the leakage of the desired signal and enhance the capability of interference cancellation. The received signals of the main antennas and the reference antennas of the antenna array are input to the beamformer as desired signal and reference signal, respectively. Both simulated and experimental results show that the proposed beamformer can suppress the single-tone and phase modulation interference, whose frequency is close to the desired signal's frequency. The proposed beamformer has better effect and robustness on interference cancellation than the traditional GSC.

1. Viani, F., L. Lizzi, M. Donelli, D. Pregnolato, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Exploitation of parasitic smart antennas in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 7, 993-1003, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791285227

2. Chen, L., P. Li, Y.Wen, and D.Wang, "High sensitivity magnetic sensor consisting of ferromagnetic alloy, piezoelectric ceramic and high-permeability FeCuNbSiB," Journal of Alloys & Compounds, Vol. 509, No. 14, 4811-4815, 2011.
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.173

3. Yan, L., J. Waynert, C. Sunderman, and N. Damiano, "Statistical analysis and modeling of VLF/ELF noise in coal mines for through-the-earth wireless communications," Industry Applications Society Meeting, 1-5, 2014.

4. Tokan, F. and F. Gunes, "The multi-objective optimization of non-uniform linear phased arrays using the genetic algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 17, 135-151, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09072309

5. Lin, W.-J., C.-S. Chang, J.-Y. Li, D.-B. Lin, L.-S. Chen, and M.-P. Houng, "Improved compact broadband bandpass filter using branch stubs co-via structure with wide stopband characteristic," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 5, 45-55, 2008.

6. Sameni, R., "A linear Kalman notch filter for power-line interference cancellation," Csi International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing, 604-610, 2012.

7. Donelli, M. and P. Febvre, "An inexpensive reconfigurable planar array for Wi-Fi applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 28, 71-81, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC12012304

8. Stolbov, M. and A. Lavrentyev, "Speech enhancement with microphone array using a multi beam adaptive noise suppressor," International Conference on Speech and Computer, 636-644, 2016.
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43958-7_77

9. Griffiths, L., J. Jim, and W. Charles, "An alternative approach to linear constrained adaptive beamforming," IEEE Trans. Antennas & Propag., Vol. 30, No. 1, 27-34, 1982.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1982.1142739

10. Hoshuyama, O., A. Sugiyama, and A. Hirano, "A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blocking matrix using constrained adaptive filters," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 47, No. 10, 2677-2684, 1999.
doi:10.1109/78.790650

11. Gu, Y., N. A. Goodman, S. Hong, and Y. Li, "Robust adaptive beamforming based on interference covariance matrix sparse reconstruction," Signal Processing, Vol. 96, No. 5, 375-381, 2014.
doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.10.009

12. Huang, L., J. Zhang, X. Xu, and Z. Ye, "Robust adaptive beamforming with a novel interference-plus-noise covariance matrix reconstruction method," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 63, No. 7, 1643-1650, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2015.2396002

13. Somasundaram, S. D., N. H. Parsons, P. Li, and R. C. D. Lamare, "Reduced-dimension robust capon beamforming using Krylov-subspace techniques," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace Electronic Systems, Vol. 51, No. 1, 270-289, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2014.130485

14. Gu, Y. and A. Leshem, "Robust adaptive beamforming based on interference covariance matrix reconstruction and steering vector estimatio," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 60, No. 7, 3881-3885, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2012.2194289

15. Zhang, Z., W. Liu, W. Leng, A. Wang, and H. Shi, "Interference-plus-noise covariance matrix reconstruction via spatial power spectrum sampling for robust adaptive beamforming," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 23, No. 1, 121-125, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LSP.2015.2504954

16. Yarkan, S., S. Guzelgoz, H. Arslan, and R. R. Murphy, "Underground mine communications: A survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 11, No. 3, 125-142, 2009.
doi:10.1109/SURV.2009.090309

17. Mahinthan, V., B. Kannan, and A. Nallanathan, "Performance of LSE-RLS-based interference cancellation scheme for STBC multiuser systems," Electronics Letters, Vol. 38, No. 25, 1729-1730, 2003.
doi:10.1049/el:20021121

18. Wang, L., N. Kitaoka, and S. Nakagawa, "Distant-talking speech recognition based on spectral subtraction by multi-channel LMS algorithm," IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst., Vol. 94, No. 3, 659-667, 2011.
doi:10.1587/transinf.E94.D.659

Dr. Ning Zhang

Dr. Yu-Zhong Jiang

Dr. Ming-Ming Li