Vol. 9
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2009-10-13
Retrieving Evaporation Duct Heights from Radar Sea Clutter Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 9, 79-91, 2009
Abstract
Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) is a popular stochastic searching optimization algorithm to solve complicated optimization problems. The approach of retrieving duct parameters from the sea-surface reflected radar clutter is also known as Refractivity From Clutter (RFC) technique. RFC technique provides the near-real-time duct parameters to evaluate the radio system performance, without adding any hardware. Basic principles of PSO and its applications and RFC technique are introduced. Evaporation duct is retrieved based on RFC technique using PSO. The performance of PSO is validated using experiment data launched at East China Sea, and compared with those of genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony algorithm (ACA). The results indicate that PSO has the advantages of faster convergence and higher retrieval precision than the other two methods.
Citation
Bo Wang, Zhen-Sen Wu, Zhenwei Zhao, and Hong-Guang Wang, "Retrieving Evaporation Duct Heights from Radar Sea Clutter Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 9, 79-91, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERM09090403
References

1. Rogers, L. T., C. P. Hattan, and J. L. Krolik, "Using radar sea echo to estimate surface layer refractivity profiles," IGARSS'99 Proceeding, IEEE 1999 Internation, Vol. 1, 658-662, 1999.

2. Gerstoft, P., L. T. Rogers, J. L. Krolik, et al. "Inversion for refractivity parameters from radar sea clutter," Radio Science, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1-22, 2003.
doi:10.1029/2002RS002640

3. Yardim, C., Statistical estimation and tracking of refractivity from radar clutter, Ph.D. Dissertation, Electrical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 2007.

4. Li, G., S.-S. Gu, Y. Huo, et al. "Necessary conditions for forming duct propagation and simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation," Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Vol. 26, No. 5, 631-637, 2003.

5. Zhao, X.-L., "Study of the electromagnetic field distribution under evaporation duct environment," Master Dissertation, 2005.

6. Hu, X., J. Fei, X. Zhang, et al. "Effect of meteorological conditions on atmospheric duct," Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, Vol. 27, No. 3, 349-354, 2007.

7. Zhang, X. and X.-L. Zhang, "Influence of atmospheric ducts on radar ranging and height-finding," Fire Control and Command Control, Vol. 31, No. 8, 84-87, 2006.

8. Liu, C.-G., J.-Y. Huang, C.-Y. Jiang, et al. "Characteristics of the lower atmospheric duct in China," Journal of Xidian University, Vol. 29, No. 1, 119-122, 2002.

9. Lin, F.-J., C.-G. Liu, S. Cheng, et al. "Statistical analysis of marine atmospheric duct," Chinese Journal of Radio Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, 64-68, 2005.

10. Wang, H., Y. Zhao, and X.-M. Huang, "A study on the performance of radar detection in presence of atmospheric waveguide," Modern Radar, Vol. 26, No. 4, 5-8, 2006.

11. Han, J., "Study on inversion the low-altitude atmospheric refractivity profile from radar sea clutter ," Master Dissertation, China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, Beijing, 2008.

12. Tian, M.-J., "Intelligent inversion algorithms and applications,".

13. Yang, Z.-X., J.-W. Fang, J.-R. Li, et al. "Application of particle swarm optimization to multi-parameters fitting," Journal of Zhejiang Normal University (Natural Sciences), Vol. 31, No. 2, 173-177, 2008.

14. Wei, J.-X. and Y.-P. Wang, "Smooth scheme and line search based particle swarm optimization for constrained optimization problems," Systems Engineering and Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 4, 739-742, 2008.

15. Panduro, M. A., C. A. Brizuela, L. I. Balderas, and D. A. Acosta, "A comparison of genetic algorithms, parti-cle swarm optimization and the di®eren-tial evolution method for the design of scannable circular antenna arrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 13, 171-186, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09011308

16. Isaakidis, S. A. and T. D. Xenos, "Parabolic equation solution of tropospheric wave propagation using FEM," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 49, 257-271, 2004.
doi:10.2528/PIER04042701

17. Semnani, A. and M. Kamyab, "An enhanced method for inverse scattering problems using fourier series expansion in conjunction with FDTD and PSO," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 45-64, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07061204

18. Wu, Z.-S., J.-P. Zhang, and L.-X. Guo, "An improved two-scale model with volume scattering for the dynamic ocean surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 89, 39-56, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08111803

19. Zainud-Deen, S. H., E. El-Deen, M. S. Ibrahim, K. H. Awadalla, and A. Z. Botros, "Electromagnetic scattering using gpu-based finite difference frequency domain method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 16, 351-369, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09060703

20. Bourlier, C., H. He, J. Chauveau, R. Hemon, and P. Pouliguen, "RCS of large bent waveguide ducts from a modal analysis combined with the kirchhoff approximation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 88, 1-38, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08101708

21. Song, H. N., W. D. Hu, W. J. Yu, and J. H. Wu, "Model and simulation of low grazing angle radar sea clutter," Chinese Journal of National University of Defense Technology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 30-34, 2000.

22. Morchin, W. C., "Airborne Early Warning Radar," Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1990.

23. Peng, S. R. and Z. R. Tang, "Reflectivity model of ground/sea clutter," Journal of Air Force Radar Academy, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1-4, 2000.

24. Horst, M. M., F. B. Dyer, and M. T. Tuley, Radar sea clutter model, 6, International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, London, England, November 28-30, 6-10, 1978.

25. Lin, F.-J., C.-G. Liu, and Z.-W. Pan, "The measurements of atmospheric duct near sea surface and its comparison with other study results," Chinese Journal of Radio Science, Vol. 17, No. 3, 269-272, 2002.

26. Paulus, R. A., "Practical application of an evaporation duct model," Radio Science, Vol. 20, No. 4, 887-896, 1985.
doi:10.1029/RS020i004p00887