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2024-03-14
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 71-78, 2024
download: 36
The Positive-Definite Stability Analysis for Marching-on-in-Time Schemes
Petrus Wilhelmus Nicolaas (Pieter) Van Diepen , Martijn Constant van Beurden and Roeland Johannes Dilz
The positive-definite stability analysis (PDSA) is presented as a technique complementary to the companion-matrix stability analysis (CMSA). The PDSA is used to analyze the stability of marching-on-in-time (MOT) schemes. The heart of the PDSA is formed by the analysis on particular linear combinations of interaction matrices from an MOT scheme, which are assumed to be real-valued. If these are all positive definite, then the PDSA guarantees the stability of the scheme. The PDSA can be of a lower complexity than the full CMSA. The construction of the PDSA is shown and applied to two numerical examples.
The Positive-definite Stability Analysis for Marching-on-in-time Schemes
2024-03-14
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 63-69, 2024
download: 96
Design of an Octave-Multimode Hybrid Broadband High-Efficiency Power Amplifier
Zuqiang Zhang , Shiwei Zhao , Songlin Li , Longfei Zhou , Fei Zhao and Jialin Li
This paper discusses the challenges faced by existing power amplifier configurations in meeting the bandwidth requirements of modern communication technology while maintaining high efficiency due to the overlap of fundamental and harmonic frequencies. To address this issue, the paper proposes a matching method based on mode combination theory that utilizes the overlap of harmonic and fundamental impedance to simplify the design of broadband amplifiers. In this paper, a Chebyshev low-pass filter is used to control the higher harmonics instead of the conventional quarter-wavelength harmonic control network with a combination of harmonic impedances. The proposed method combines three modes of Resistive-Reactive class F-1, class J, and class F power amplifiers, which can achieve high efficiency and octave frequency at the same time. The paper verifies the proposed method by designing and fabricating a multi-multiplier power amplifier with a drain efficiency of 61.8-73.9%, an operating bandwidth of 1.4-2.9 GHz, and a saturation output of 41.1-42.3 dBm. The amplifier also has a gain greater than 11.1-12.3 dBm, and at an output power of 36 dBm, the ACPR value is -32 to -33.1 dBc across the band.
2024-03-09
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 55-61, 2024
download: 76
Broadband Bowtie-Based Log-Periodic Array Antenna via GIPD Process for 5G mm -Wave Applications
Jixuan Li , Zenghui Xiang , Xuan Chen , Mi Xu and Jinhui Li
In this paper, a broadband bowtie-based log-periodic array antenna is proposed and investigated for 5G millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications. Using a Glass Integrated Passive Device (GIPD) process, the proposed antenna is implemented on a high dielectric constant glass substrate. To address the directional radiation issues associated with the traditional straight connection, the proposed antenna uses a crisscross connection effect with carefully spaced three dipole elements. Furthermore, the use of bowtie-based dipole offers a wide bandwidth advantage. The study also examines the effects of changes in key parameters on critical antenna features. The feeding structure uses a combination of coplanar waveguide (CPW) and microstrip line to strip line. For demonstration, a prototype antenna is optimized, fabricated and measured. The measurement results show that the 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 21.5 to 36.1 GHz, and the gain is higher than 5.63 dBi.
Broadband Bowtie-based Log-periodic Array Antenna via GIPD Process for 5G mm-Wave Applications
2024-03-07
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 47-53, 2024
download: 82
A Dual-Port Pattern Diversity Antenna Based on FHMSIW Technology for Omnidirectional Coverage
Chu Zhang and Yangjun Ou
A dual-port pattern diversity antenna is proposed in this letter for omnidirectional coverage. Two end-fire radiating beams are realized based on a two-element magnetic currents array. A folded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (FHMSIW) is introduced to ensure that the distance between the two equivalent magnetic current radiation sources is about λ0/4 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space). When the two elements are driven by signals with a 90˚ or -90˚ phase difference, two end-fire radiation patterns with opposite directions can be realized. A prototype working at 2.425 GHz is fabricated and tested, achieving two independent end-fire radiation beams with a maximum gain of 4.3 dBi. Compared with conventional omnidirectional antennas, this work can effectively improve the gain of omnidirectional coverage based on a very compact structure.
A Dual-port Pattern Diversity Antenna Based on FHMSIW Technology for Omnidirectional Coverage
2024-03-04
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 41-46, 2024
download: 90
Design of Dual-Band FPD with High Selectivity
Tiantian Zhang , Lei Chen , Meng Liu , Jinyi Liu and Min Wang
In this brief, a dual-band filtering power divider (FPD) with high selectivity and independently controllable passbands is designed. The proposed FPD consists of asymmetric folded F-type resonators (AFFRs) and quarter-wavelength three parallel-coupled lines (TPCLs). The center frequencies of the dual bands can be determined by adjusting the physical lengths of AFFRs. Meanwhile, TPCLs can increase the transmission paths and introduce multiple transmission zeros (TZs) to achieve high selectivity. For demonstration, the proposed FPD is designed, fabricated, and measured. The center frequencies are 2.59/3.63 GHz with the 3-dB fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 12.95% and 7.88%, and the isolation between port 2 and port 3 is better than 12.56/21.03 dB. The minimum insertion losses are better than 0.54/0.32 dB in each passband. The simulated results are compared with measured ones, and good agreement is realized.
Design of Dual-band FPD with High Selectivity
2024-03-04
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 33-39, 2024
download: 112
Radio-Frequency Energy Harvester for a Hybrid Power Supply with Constant Voltage Output to a Water Meter
Junlin Mi , Ruinan Fan , Jianwei Jing , Liping Yan and Changjun Liu
This manuscript proposes a hybrid energy harvest and management system to manage harvested ambient thermal and radio frequency (RF) energy and provide constant voltage for an electronic water meter. It mainly includes an antenna, a rectifier, thermoelectric generators (TEGs), and an energy management circuit. The antenna harvests the ambient RF power, and the rectifier converts it to DC power. The harvested RF and thermal powers are stored in a capacitor and managed by an FEH710 energy management circuit to power an electronic water meter. Eight thermoelectric generators convert thermal energy into DC power. The proposed hybrid energy harvesting and management system has been evaluated by simulation and measurement. The antenna's reflection coefficient and peak gain at 2.45 GHz are -30 dB and 3.6 dBi, respectively. The rectifier's measured RF-DC power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 66.7% at 0 dBm. As a demonstration, a commercial electronic water meter worksstably by the harvested ambient RF and thermal energy. The proposed hybrid energy harvesting system is expected to find potential practical applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) in environments with RF radiation coverage and temperature gradients.
Radio-frequency Energy Harvester for a Hybrid Power Supply with Constant Voltage Output to a Water Meter
2024-02-29
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 27-31, 2024
download: 120
Millimeter-Wave Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Circular Airy OAM Beams by Tensor Holographic Impedance Metasurface
Hui-Fen Huang and Yingjing Ma
In this paper, analytical formulas for tensor holographic impedance metasurface (THIMS) are presented to generate circularly polarized (CP) circular Airy orbital angular momentum (OAM) multibeams with flexibly independent control of the beam direction, polarization and OAM mode. As an example, a millimeter-wave THIMS is designed to generate CP circular Airy OAM dual beams: Beam-I: (θ1 = 0, φ1 = 0, LHCP, l = +1, 36 GHz), Beam-II: (θ2 = 0, φ2 = 0, RHCP, l = 0, 30 GHz). To the knowledge of the authors, for the first time, the THIMS generates circular Airy beams. Compared with the published metasurface on Airy beam, the created THIMS has the following advantages simultaneously: dual frequencies, dual CP, small size 30λ0 at 30 GHz, high conversion efficiency (CE) (above 40%), long nondiffractive distance (ND) (up to 134.4λ0), high OAM purity (above 89%), co-modulation for polarization, beam direction and OAM mode. The generated circular Airy OAM beams can be used in near-field scenarios such as high-efficiency wireless power transmission (WPT), high-capacity communication systems, and high-resolution imaging.
Millimeter-wave Dual-frequency Dual-polarized Circular Airy OAM Beams by Tensor Holographic Impedance Metasurface
2024-02-23
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 21-26, 2024
download: 145
A Single-Layer Filtering Slot Antenna Based on Circular SIW Cavity
Yinghang Chen , Xuehui Guan , Xianling Liang , Baoping Ren and Shaopeng Wan
A low profile and high selectivity filtering slot antenna based on circular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented. The proposed antenna is originated from a circular SIW cavity operating at its TM010 mode. A cruciform slot is integrated on the top surface of the cavity, and the cavity is then split into four quarter-mode cavity resonators. In this aspect, the four similar quarter-TM010 modes will be generated by the compact structure. By amalgamating four similar modes into a single-band, the bandwidth of antenna is widened. Based on the structure, a filtering slot antenna with central frequency of 8 GHz and bandwidth of 5.6% is designed and fabricated. Measured results agree well with the simulated ones. In addition, two radiation nulls are produced at the edges of the passband, and the selectivity in the transition band is enhanced greatly.
A Single-layer Filtering Slot Antenna Based on Circular SIW Cavity
2024-02-17
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 15-20, 2024
download: 153
A Miniaturized High-Selectivity Filter by Embedding Nested U-Shape Resonators in SIW
Xiaohei Yan , Wenjing Mu , Minjie Guo , Xiumei Huang and Haiyan Zeng
A substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) miniaturization filter is proposed, which features high attenuation characteristics, effectively reduces filter loss and size, and improves frequency selectivity. The filter is miniaturized using the evanescent-mode theory and embeds a nested U-shaped resonator in the upper metal surface of the SIW. The proposed filter's equivalent circuit structure incorporates two LC parallel resonant loops with resistance characteristics that can, in turn, create two transmission zeros in the filter's stopband to enhance its selectivity. The filter has an effective size of only 0.39λg×0.23λg with a center frequency of 2.5 GHz. The -3 dB bandwidth measures 120 MHz, while the relative bandwidth is 4.8%. The insertion loss is -0.6 dB in the passband, and the return loss is more than 25 dB. Out-of-band rejection exceeds 40 dB in the range of 2.9~4.4 GHz. The measured and simulated results agree well. The filter offers benefits in terms of high rejection, miniaturization, and low insertion loss. It can be implemented in 5G (sub-6 GHz) wireless communication systems.
A Miniaturized High-selectivity Filter by Embedding Nested U-shape Resonators in SIW
2024-02-14
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 9-14, 2024
download: 151
DOA Estimation of Quasi-Stationary Signals Based on a Separated Generalized Nested Array
Jing Zhao , Sheng Liu , Decheng Wu and Cheng Zeng
This paper proposes a sparse array consisting of two separated generalized nested arrays. The unit element-spacing of each generalized nested array can be adjusted to multiple half-wavelengths of the incident signal. By adjusting the element-spacing, the mutual coupling effect can be greatly reduced. For this array, a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method of quasi-stationary signals has also been proposed. By using the received signals of the separated generalized nested array, a signal subspace is obtained. Then, this subspace is filled into a higher-order signal subspace to avoid angle ambiguity. Using the higher-order signal subspace, DOAs of all signals can be estimated by spectral peak search. Simulation results show that the proposed separated generalized nested array has better than the conventional nested array performance in DOA estimation.
DOA Estimation of Quasi-stationary Signals Based on a Separated Generalized Nested Array
2024-02-14
PIER Letters
Vol. 118, 1-7, 2024
download: 155
Opportunities in Antenna Development by Using Distilled Water
Benigno Rodríguez Díaz and Leonardo Barboni Morales
This paper presents some opportunities in the development of antennas when using Distilled Water (DW) as a dielectric with high relative electrical permittivity (εr(DW) = 80). By embedding an antenna in DW, the electrical growth of the antenna is achieved without significantly increasing its physical size. In other words, the antenna will resonate at frequencies lower than those to whom it originally resonated. It was also found that the antennas developed through this technique are usually multiband antennas, offering various resonance frequencies at frequencies lower than the original ones. Finally, the change in radiation patterns was also verified through the use of this technique that allows beamforming to be carried out by varying the size and shape of the DW block. The development of more efficient antennas has a direct impact on the energy consumption of wireless systems, which represents an effective contribution to climate change mitigation, the reason that the improvement of antennas is a very important research area.
Opportunities in Antenna Development by Using Distilled Water