Vol. 91
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERL 119 [2024] PIERL 118 [2024] PIERL 117 [2024] PIERL 116 [2024] PIERL 115 [2024] PIERL 114 [2023] PIERL 113 [2023] PIERL 112 [2023] PIERL 111 [2023] PIERL 110 [2023] PIERL 109 [2023] PIERL 108 [2023] PIERL 107 [2022] PIERL 106 [2022] PIERL 105 [2022] PIERL 104 [2022] PIERL 103 [2022] PIERL 102 [2022] PIERL 101 [2021] PIERL 100 [2021] PIERL 99 [2021] PIERL 98 [2021] PIERL 97 [2021] PIERL 96 [2021] PIERL 95 [2021] PIERL 94 [2020] PIERL 93 [2020] PIERL 92 [2020] PIERL 91 [2020] PIERL 90 [2020] PIERL 89 [2020] PIERL 88 [2020] PIERL 87 [2019] PIERL 86 [2019] PIERL 85 [2019] PIERL 84 [2019] PIERL 83 [2019] PIERL 82 [2019] PIERL 81 [2019] PIERL 80 [2018] PIERL 79 [2018] PIERL 78 [2018] PIERL 77 [2018] PIERL 76 [2018] PIERL 75 [2018] PIERL 74 [2018] PIERL 73 [2018] PIERL 72 [2018] PIERL 71 [2017] PIERL 70 [2017] PIERL 69 [2017] PIERL 68 [2017] PIERL 67 [2017] PIERL 66 [2017] PIERL 65 [2017] PIERL 64 [2016] PIERL 63 [2016] PIERL 62 [2016] PIERL 61 [2016] PIERL 60 [2016] PIERL 59 [2016] PIERL 58 [2016] PIERL 57 [2015] PIERL 56 [2015] PIERL 55 [2015] PIERL 54 [2015] PIERL 53 [2015] PIERL 52 [2015] PIERL 51 [2015] PIERL 50 [2014] PIERL 49 [2014] PIERL 48 [2014] PIERL 47 [2014] PIERL 46 [2014] PIERL 45 [2014] PIERL 44 [2014] PIERL 43 [2013] PIERL 42 [2013] PIERL 41 [2013] PIERL 40 [2013] PIERL 39 [2013] PIERL 38 [2013] PIERL 37 [2013] PIERL 36 [2013] PIERL 35 [2012] PIERL 34 [2012] PIERL 33 [2012] PIERL 32 [2012] PIERL 31 [2012] PIERL 30 [2012] PIERL 29 [2012] PIERL 28 [2012] PIERL 27 [2011] PIERL 26 [2011] PIERL 25 [2011] PIERL 24 [2011] PIERL 23 [2011] PIERL 22 [2011] PIERL 21 [2011] PIERL 20 [2011] PIERL 19 [2010] PIERL 18 [2010] PIERL 17 [2010] PIERL 16 [2010] PIERL 15 [2010] PIERL 14 [2010] PIERL 13 [2010] PIERL 12 [2009] PIERL 11 [2009] PIERL 10 [2009] PIERL 9 [2009] PIERL 8 [2009] PIERL 7 [2009] PIERL 6 [2009] PIERL 5 [2008] PIERL 4 [2008] PIERL 3 [2008] PIERL 2 [2008] PIERL 1 [2008]
2020-05-29
Flexi Electrode Electron Gun for Long Life Travelling-Wave Tubes
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 91, 117-122, 2020
Abstract
A flexi electron gun consists of multiple electrodes and can be used to maintain uniform beam current over the life of a traveling-wave tube (TWT). The flexi electron gun consists of dispenser cathode, anode1, anode2 and anode3 in addition to a beam focusing electrode (BFE). In an optimized electron gun, anode1 potential plays an important role in increasing beam current within the same biased condition of electronic power conditioner (EPC) and can be used as a critical parameter to increase current with time when cathode performance (beam current) degrades with time. Geometry, position and bias of these electrodes with respect to cathode provide low perveance electron beam optics to the interaction structure of a TWT. The flexi gun has been modelled in EGUN, developed and integrated with TWT, and simulated results are compared with experiment. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the effect of anode1 on beam current and also presents the cause of large variation of simulated and measured beam currents through back simulation in EGUN.
Citation
Abhay Shankar, Atmakuru Nagaraju, Amitavo Roy Choudhury, and Sanjay Kumar Ghosh, "Flexi Electrode Electron Gun for Long Life Travelling-Wave Tubes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 91, 117-122, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERL20010603
References

1. Mallon, K. P., "TWTAs for satellite communications: Past, present and future," IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, 14-15, Monterey, CA, USA, Jul. 2008, doi: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556558.

2. Chong, C. K. and W. L. Menninger, "Latest advancements in high-power millimeter-wave helix TWTs ," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 38, No. 6, 1227-1238, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TPS.2010.2041940.
doi:10.1109/TPS.2010.2041940

3. Wilson, J. D., E. G. Wintucky, K. R. Vaden, D. A. Force, I. L. Krainsky, R. N. Simons, N. R. Robbins, W. L. Menninger, D. R. Dibb, and D. E. Lewis, "Advances in space traveling-wave tubes for NASA missions," Proceedings of IEEE, Vol. 95, No. 10, 1958-1967, Oct. 2007, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2007.905062.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2007.905062

4. Rodney, J. and M. Vaughan, "Synthesis of the Pierce gun," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. 28, No. 1, 37-41, Jan. 1981, doi: 10.1109/TED.1981.20279.
doi:10.1109/T-ED.1981.20279

5. Zhao, D., G. Liu, W. Gu, T. Ma, Q. Xue, and Z. Zhang, "Design of a large compression ratio electron gun and uniform field focusing system for Ka band extended interaction klystron," IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, 418-419, Aug. 2019 , doi: 10.1109/IVELEC.2009.5193587.

6. Vorobyov, G. S., I. V. Barsuk, and A. A. Drozdenko, "Optimization of operating regimes of TWT three-electrode electron gun," 21st International Crimean Conference Microwave & Telecommunication Technology , 316-317, Nov. 2011.

7. Menninger, W. L., R. T. Benton, M. S. Choi, J. R. Feicht, U. R. Hallsten, H. C. Limburg, W. L. McGeary, and X. Zhai, "70% efficient Ku-band and C band TWTs for satellite downlinks," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. 52, No. 5, 673-678, May 2005, doi: 10.1109/TED.2005.845840.
doi:10.1109/TED.2005.845840

8. Komm, D. S., R. T. Benton, H. C. Limburg, W. L. Menninger, and X. Zhai, "Advances in space TWT efficiencies," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. 48, No. 1, 174-176, Jan. 2001, doi: 10.1109/16.892186.
doi:10.1109/16.892186

9. Thaler, Y., E. Bosch, and J. Puech, "220 W Ku band space TWT upgrade," IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, 1-2, Jul. 2007, doi: 10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283204.

10. Li, J. Y., Z. Yu, W. Shao, K. Zhang, Y. Gao, H. Yuan, J. Jiang, K. Huang, H. Wang, Q. Chen, and S. Yan, "High current density M-type cathodes for VEDs," The 5th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference Proceedings, 147-148, Apr. 2005, doi: 10.1109/IVESC.2004.1414168.

11. Sharma, R. K., A. R. Choudhury, S. Arya, S. K. Ghosh, and V. Srivastava, "Design and experimental evaluation of dual-anode electron gun and PPM focusing of helix TWT," IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. 62, 3419-3425, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1109/TED.2015.2470118.

12. Xiang, D., X. Li, M. Huang, and J. Cui, "Measurement and analysis of dual anode electron gun for Ka-band space TWT," IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, 1-2, Monterey, CA, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1109/IVEC.2016.7561918.

13. Sawicki, M. R., "Analytical determination of the thermal/mechanical performance of traveling wave tube electron guns," International Electron Devices Meeting, 160-163, Aug. 2005, doi: 10.1109/IEDM.1978.189377.

14. Herrmannsfeldt, W. B., EGUN: An Electron Optics and Gun Design Program, SLAC, Stanford, CA, USA, 1988.
doi:10.2172/6711732