Vol. 85
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERL 119 [2024] PIERL 118 [2024] PIERL 117 [2024] PIERL 116 [2024] PIERL 115 [2024] PIERL 114 [2023] PIERL 113 [2023] PIERL 112 [2023] PIERL 111 [2023] PIERL 110 [2023] PIERL 109 [2023] PIERL 108 [2023] PIERL 107 [2022] PIERL 106 [2022] PIERL 105 [2022] PIERL 104 [2022] PIERL 103 [2022] PIERL 102 [2022] PIERL 101 [2021] PIERL 100 [2021] PIERL 99 [2021] PIERL 98 [2021] PIERL 97 [2021] PIERL 96 [2021] PIERL 95 [2021] PIERL 94 [2020] PIERL 93 [2020] PIERL 92 [2020] PIERL 91 [2020] PIERL 90 [2020] PIERL 89 [2020] PIERL 88 [2020] PIERL 87 [2019] PIERL 86 [2019] PIERL 85 [2019] PIERL 84 [2019] PIERL 83 [2019] PIERL 82 [2019] PIERL 81 [2019] PIERL 80 [2018] PIERL 79 [2018] PIERL 78 [2018] PIERL 77 [2018] PIERL 76 [2018] PIERL 75 [2018] PIERL 74 [2018] PIERL 73 [2018] PIERL 72 [2018] PIERL 71 [2017] PIERL 70 [2017] PIERL 69 [2017] PIERL 68 [2017] PIERL 67 [2017] PIERL 66 [2017] PIERL 65 [2017] PIERL 64 [2016] PIERL 63 [2016] PIERL 62 [2016] PIERL 61 [2016] PIERL 60 [2016] PIERL 59 [2016] PIERL 58 [2016] PIERL 57 [2015] PIERL 56 [2015] PIERL 55 [2015] PIERL 54 [2015] PIERL 53 [2015] PIERL 52 [2015] PIERL 51 [2015] PIERL 50 [2014] PIERL 49 [2014] PIERL 48 [2014] PIERL 47 [2014] PIERL 46 [2014] PIERL 45 [2014] PIERL 44 [2014] PIERL 43 [2013] PIERL 42 [2013] PIERL 41 [2013] PIERL 40 [2013] PIERL 39 [2013] PIERL 38 [2013] PIERL 37 [2013] PIERL 36 [2013] PIERL 35 [2012] PIERL 34 [2012] PIERL 33 [2012] PIERL 32 [2012] PIERL 31 [2012] PIERL 30 [2012] PIERL 29 [2012] PIERL 28 [2012] PIERL 27 [2011] PIERL 26 [2011] PIERL 25 [2011] PIERL 24 [2011] PIERL 23 [2011] PIERL 22 [2011] PIERL 21 [2011] PIERL 20 [2011] PIERL 19 [2010] PIERL 18 [2010] PIERL 17 [2010] PIERL 16 [2010] PIERL 15 [2010] PIERL 14 [2010] PIERL 13 [2010] PIERL 12 [2009] PIERL 11 [2009] PIERL 10 [2009] PIERL 9 [2009] PIERL 8 [2009] PIERL 7 [2009] PIERL 6 [2009] PIERL 5 [2008] PIERL 4 [2008] PIERL 3 [2008] PIERL 2 [2008] PIERL 1 [2008]
2019-06-12
Solar Measurements for 21 cm Wavelength Using 3 m Radio Telescope
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 85, 17-24, 2019
Abstract
Solar hydrogen line emission has been observed at the frequency of 1.42 GHz (21 cm wavelength) with 3 m radio telescope installed inside the University of Baghdad campus. Several measurements related to the sun have been conducted and computed from the radio telescope spectrometer. These measurements cover the solar brightness temperature, antenna temperature, solar radio flux, and the antenna gain of the radio telescope. The results demonstrate that the maximum antenna temperature, solar brightness temperature, and solar flux density are found to be 970 K, 49600 K, and 70 SFU respectively. These results show perfect correlation with recent published studies.
Citation
Uday E. Jallod, and Kamal M. Abood, "Solar Measurements for 21 cm Wavelength Using 3 m Radio Telescope," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 85, 17-24, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERL19041009
References

1. Joardar, S., S. Bhattacharyya, A. B. Bhattacharyya, and C. R. Datta, "Radio astronomy and super synthesis a survey," Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol. 22, 73-102, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERB10032105

2. Usoslin, I. G., "A history of solar activity over millennia. Living rev.," Solar Physics, Vol. 5, No. 3, 6-19, 2008.

3. Sehorst, C. L., A. V. Silva, and J. E. Costa, "Solar atmospheric model with spicules applied to radio emission," Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 433, 365-374, 2005.
doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042043

4. Shibasaki, K., C. E. Alissandrakis, and S. Pojolainen, "Radio emission of the quiet sun and active regions," Solar Physics, Vol. 273, 309-337, 2011.
doi:10.1007/s11207-011-9788-4

5. Labrum, N. R., "The radio brightness of quiet sun at 21 cm wavelength near sunspot maximum," Australia Journal Physics, Vol. 13, 700-711, 1960.
doi:10.1071/PH600700

6. Krishnan, T. and N. R. Labrum, "The radio brightness distribution on the sun at 21 cm from combined eclipse and pencil-beam observation," Australia Journal Physics, Vol. 14, 403-419, 1961.
doi:10.1071/PH610403

7. Shimabukuro, F. I. and J. M. Stacey, "Brightness temperature of the quiet sun at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths," The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 152, 777-782, 1968.
doi:10.1086/149594

8. Zirin, H., B. M. Baumert, and G. J. Hurforf, "The microwave brightness temperature spectrum of the quiet sun," The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 370, 779-783, 1991.
doi:10.1086/169861

9. Kuseki, R. A., "The solar brightness temperature at millimeter wavelength," Solar Physics, Vol. 48, 41-48, 1976.
doi:10.1007/BF00153329

10. Dulk, G. A. and D. E Gary, "The sun at 1.4 GHz: Intensity and polarization," Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 124, 103-107, 1983.

11. Nakariakov, V. M., L. K. Kashapova, and Y. H. Yan, "Editorial: Solar radiophysics-recent results on observations and theories," Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics RAA, Vol. 14, No. 7, 1-6, 2014.
doi:10.1088/1674-4527/14/7/001

12. Tan, C., Y. Yan, B. Tan, Q. Fu, Y. Lin, and G. Xu, "Study of calibration of solar spectrometer and the quiet sun radio emission," The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 808, No. 61, 21-41, 2015.

13. Wilson, T. L., K. Rohlfs, and S. Huttemeister, Tools of Radio Astronomy, 6th Ed., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heideelberg, 2013.
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39950-3

14. Ptatap, P. and G. Mclntosh, "Measurements of the radiation from thermal and non thermal radio sources," American Association of Physics Teachers, Vol. 73, No. 5, 399-404, 2004.

15. Neil, K. O., "Single dish calibration techniques at radio wavelength," Astronomical society of the Pacific ASP Conference Series, Vol. 278, San Francisco, CA, 2001.

16. Saha, S. K., Diffraction-limited Imaging with Large and Moderate Telescopes, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, 2007.
doi:10.1142/6492

17. Pacini, A. A. and J. P. Raulin, "Solar radio emission," Advances in Space Research, Vol. 35, 793-754, 2005.

18. Gary, D. and C. Keller, Solar and Space Weather Radio Physics Current Status and Future Developments , Springer Science + Business Media, INC, 2005.
doi:10.1007/1-4020-2814-8

19. Kalinov, V., "Solar observations with the small radio telescope," Bulgarian Astronomical Journal, Vol. 15, 107-112, 2011.

20. Zaineb, A. J. and K. M. Abood, "Study of some parabolic radio telescope antenna parameter," Iraqi Journal of Science, Special issue, Part B, 453-461, 2016.

21. Hoobi, M. R. and K. M. Abood, "Calibration of a three meter small radio telescope in baghdad university using the sun as a reference source," Iraqi Journal of Science, Vol. 60, No. 1, 171-177, 2019.

22. Abood, K. M. and A. M. Kitas, "Background radio emissions at 1.42 GHz," Iraqi Journal of Science, Vol. 59, No. 2A, 786-791, 2018.

23. Goodman, J. W., Statistical Optics, John Willy & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000.

24., http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/sx-11-eng.php.

25., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory.

26. Milligan, T. A., Modern Antenna Design, 2nd Ed., A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.
doi:10.1002/0471720615

27. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Canada, 2005.