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2021-02-16
A Triple-Band Antenna with a Metamaterial Slab for Gain Enhancement and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Reduction
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 109, 275-287, 2021
Abstract
A compact triple-band antenna of size 20×13×1.6 mm3 for WLAN (2.4/5 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5 GHz) applications and a metamaterial slab for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduction are proposed in this paper. The antenna comprises a rectangular patch with two conjoint square split rings, attached along its top edge, to excite two resonances in the 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz range. The antenna is also backed with a slotted ground plane structure to achieve miniaturization. The radiator is subsequently slotted to yield the third tone around 3.5 GHz. Several parameters are tuned independently to achieve the desired bands of resonance around (2.2-2.6) GHz, (3.40-3.60) GHz, and (5.0-6.9) GHz with impedance bandwidths of 17%, 5.5%, and 46%, respectively. To validate the simulated results, the designed antenna is fabricated and measured experimentally. Later, a metamaterial slab composed of a 5×3 array of pentagonal split-rings printed on a 20×13×1.6 mm3 FR-4 substrate is placed above the antenna at a suitable distance to increase the gain as well as to reduce the SAR. Inclusion of this slab improved the maximum radiation efficiency and gain of the proposed antenna from 65% and 2.7 dB to 80% and 3 dB. A cubical tissue model is designed and used for simulation. SAR reduction of 84.5% is inferred with the metamaterial slab. This paper has taken a cubical tissue model for SAR calculation, which can be further enhanced by taking a human phantom model in future.
Citation
Selvaraj Imaculate Rosaline, "A Triple-Band Antenna with a Metamaterial Slab for Gain Enhancement and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Reduction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 109, 275-287, 2021.
doi:10.2528/PIERC20122202
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