Vol. 60
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERB 105 [2024] PIERB 104 [2024] PIERB 103 [2023] PIERB 102 [2023] PIERB 101 [2023] PIERB 100 [2023] PIERB 99 [2023] PIERB 98 [2023] PIERB 97 [2022] PIERB 96 [2022] PIERB 95 [2022] PIERB 94 [2021] PIERB 93 [2021] PIERB 92 [2021] PIERB 91 [2021] PIERB 90 [2021] PIERB 89 [2020] PIERB 88 [2020] PIERB 87 [2020] PIERB 86 [2020] PIERB 85 [2019] PIERB 84 [2019] PIERB 83 [2019] PIERB 82 [2018] PIERB 81 [2018] PIERB 80 [2018] PIERB 79 [2017] PIERB 78 [2017] PIERB 77 [2017] PIERB 76 [2017] PIERB 75 [2017] PIERB 74 [2017] PIERB 73 [2017] PIERB 72 [2017] PIERB 71 [2016] PIERB 70 [2016] PIERB 69 [2016] PIERB 68 [2016] PIERB 67 [2016] PIERB 66 [2016] PIERB 65 [2016] PIERB 64 [2015] PIERB 63 [2015] PIERB 62 [2015] PIERB 61 [2014] PIERB 60 [2014] PIERB 59 [2014] PIERB 58 [2014] PIERB 57 [2014] PIERB 56 [2013] PIERB 55 [2013] PIERB 54 [2013] PIERB 53 [2013] PIERB 52 [2013] PIERB 51 [2013] PIERB 50 [2013] PIERB 49 [2013] PIERB 48 [2013] PIERB 47 [2013] PIERB 46 [2013] PIERB 45 [2012] PIERB 44 [2012] PIERB 43 [2012] PIERB 42 [2012] PIERB 41 [2012] PIERB 40 [2012] PIERB 39 [2012] PIERB 38 [2012] PIERB 37 [2012] PIERB 36 [2012] PIERB 35 [2011] PIERB 34 [2011] PIERB 33 [2011] PIERB 32 [2011] PIERB 31 [2011] PIERB 30 [2011] PIERB 29 [2011] PIERB 28 [2011] PIERB 27 [2011] PIERB 26 [2010] PIERB 25 [2010] PIERB 24 [2010] PIERB 23 [2010] PIERB 22 [2010] PIERB 21 [2010] PIERB 20 [2010] PIERB 19 [2010] PIERB 18 [2009] PIERB 17 [2009] PIERB 16 [2009] PIERB 15 [2009] PIERB 14 [2009] PIERB 13 [2009] PIERB 12 [2009] PIERB 11 [2009] PIERB 10 [2008] PIERB 9 [2008] PIERB 8 [2008] PIERB 7 [2008] PIERB 6 [2008] PIERB 5 [2008] PIERB 4 [2008] PIERB 3 [2008] PIERB 2 [2008] PIERB 1 [2008]
2014-07-17
Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Designs and Advances
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 60, 195-213, 2014
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive review of the research carried out on Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) over the last three decades. Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) have received increased attention in various applications due to their attractive features in terms of high radiation efficiency, light weight, small size and low profile. Over last decades, various bandwidth enhancement techniques have been developed for DRAs. In this article, the attention is focused on a type of DRAs that can offer multi-resonance frequencies and these frequencies can be merged into a broad band. In order to effectively review design techniques, DRAs in this article are categorized into three types, broadband, ultra-wideband (UWB) and multiband. The latest developments in DRAs are discussed in the limited scope of this article.
Citation
Dipali Soren, Rowdra Ghatak, Rabindra Kishore Mishra, and Dipak Poddar, "Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Designs and Advances," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 60, 195-213, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERB14031306
References

1. Long, S. A., M. W. McAllister, and L. C. Shen, "The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 31, No. 3, 406-412, May 1983.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1983.1143080

2. Karmakar, D. P., D. Soren, R. Ghatak, D. R. Poddar, and R. K. Mishra, "A wideband Sierpinski carpet fractal cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for X-band application," Proceedings of IEEE Applied Electromagnetic Conference, 1-3, 2009.

3. Petosa, A., A. Iittipiboon, Y. M. M. Antar, D. Roscoe, and M. Cuhasi, "Recent advances in dielectric resonator antenna technology," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 3, 35-47, Jun. 1998.
doi:10.1109/74.706069

4. Luk, K.-M. and K.-W. Leung, Dielectric Resonator Antennas, Research Studies Press Ltd., England, 2003.

5. Richtmyer, R. D., "Dielectric resonators," J. App. Phy., Vol. 10, 391-398, Jun. 1939.
doi:10.1063/1.1707320

6. Guillon, P. and Y. Garault, "Accurate resonant frequencies of dielectric resonators," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 25, No. 11, 916-922, Nov. 1977.

7. Legier, J. F., P. Kennis, S. Toutain, and J. Citerne, "Resonant frequencies of rectangular dielectric resonators," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 28, No. 9, 1031-1034, Sep. 1980.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1980.1130216

8. Kishk, A. A., "Tetrahedron and triangular dielectric resonator with wideband performance," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Dig., Vol. 4, 462-465, Jun. 2002.

9. Kishk, A. A., "Wide-band truncated tetrahedron dielectric resonator antenna excited by a coaxial probe," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 10, 2913-2917, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.816300

10. Kishk, A. A., A. W. Glisson, and G. P. Junker, "Bandwidth enhancement for a split cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 33, 97-118, 2001.
doi:10.2528/PIER00122803

11. Kishk, A. A. and A. W. Glisson, "Conical dielectric resonator antennas for wide-band applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 4, 469-474, Apr. 2002.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2002.1003382

12. Chair, R., A. A. Kishk, and K. F. Lee, "Wideband simple cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Component Letters, Vol. 15, No. 4, 241-243, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2005.845719

13. Coulibaly, Y., T. A. Denidni, and H. Boutayeb, "Broadband microstrip-fed dielectric resonator antenna for X-band applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 341-345, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.921326

14. Chair, R., A. A. Kishk, K. F. Lee, and C. E. Smith, "Wideband flipped staired pyramid dielectric resonator antennas," Electronics Letters, Vol. 40, No. 10, 581-582, 2004.
doi:10.1049/el:20040402

15. Li, B. and K. W. Leung, "Strip-fed rectangular dielectric resonator antennas with/without a parasitic patch," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 7, 2200-2207, Jul. 2005.

16. Denidni, T. A., Q. Rao, and A. A. Sebak, "Broadband L-shaped dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 4, 453-454, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2005.860198

17. Christopher, S., D. Young, and S. A. Long, "Wideband cylindrical and rectangular dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, 426-429, 2006.

18. Guha, D. and Y. M. M. Antar, "New half-hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna for broadband monopole-type radiation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 12, 3621-3628, Dec. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.886547

19. Kishk, A., R. Chair, and K. F. Lee, "Broadband dielectric resonator antennas excited by L-shaped probe," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 8, 3621-3628, Aug. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.879186

20. Chair, R., A. A. Kishk, and K. F. Lee, "Wideband stair-shaped dielectric resonator antennas," IET Microwave Antennas Propagation, Vol. 1, No. 2, 299-305, Apr. 2007.
doi:10.1049/iet-map:20060029

21. Chang, T.-H. and J.-F. Kiang, "Broadband dielectric resonator antenna with an offset well," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 6, 564-567, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2007.909963

22. Zhang, L. N., S. S. Zhong, and S. Q. Xu, "Broadband U-shaped dielectric resonator antenna with elliptical patch feed," Electronics Letters, Vol. 44, No. 16, 947-949, Jul. 2008.
doi:10.1049/el:20081253

23. Chang, T.-H., Y.-C. Huang, W.-F. Su, and J.-F. Kiang, "Wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a tunnel," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 275-278, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.928477

24. Liang, X.-L. and T. A. Denidni, "H-shaped dielectric resonator antenna for wideband applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 163-166, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.922051

25. Liang, X.-L., T. A. Denidni, and L.-N. Zhang, "Wideband L-shaped dielectric resonator antenna with a conformal inverted-trapezoidal patch feed," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 1, 271-273, Jan. 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.2009783

26. Rashidian, A. and D. M. Klymyshyn, "Micro strip-fed high aspect ratio dielectric resonator antenna with dual-resonance broadband characteristics," Electronics Letters, Vol. 45, No. 2, 94-95, Jan. 2009.
doi:10.1049/el:20092833

27. Chang, T.-H. and J.-F. Kiang, "Bandwidth broadening of dielectric resonator antenna by merging adjacent bands," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 10, 3316-3320, Oct. 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2029372

28. Chu, L. C. Y., D. Guha, and Y. M. M. Antar, "Conformal strip-fed shaped cylindrical dielectric resonator: Improved design of a wideband wireless antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 482-485, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2009.2016990

29. Liang, X.-L. and T. A. Denidni, "Wideband rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with a concave ground plane," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 367-370, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.2004974

30. Soren, D., R. Ghatak, R. K. Mishra, and D. R. Poddar, "Sierpinski carpet fractal pattern embedded multisegment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for Wi-Max and WLAN application," Proceedings of International Symposium on Microwaves and Millimeter waves Basics and Technology, ISoMM, 2009.

31. Almpanis, G., F. Chirstophe, and R. Vahldieck, "The trapezoidal dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 9, 2810-2816, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.928787

32. Singh, A. and S. K. Sharma, "Investigations on wideband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with directive radiation patterns and low cross polarization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1779-1783, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2044330

33. Thame, L. Z. and Z. Wu, "Broadband bowtie dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 11, 3707-3710, Nov. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2071332

34. Eshrah, I. A., A. A. Kishk, A. B. Yakovlev, and A. W. Glisson, "Theory and implementation of dielectric resonator antenna excited by a waveguide slot," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 1, 483-494, Jan. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.838782

35. Eshrah, I. A., A. A. Kishk, A. B. Yakovlev, and A. W. Glisson, "Excitation of dielectric resonator antennas by a waveguide probe : Modeling technique and wide-band design," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1028-1037, Mar. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.842638

36. Hajihshemi, M. R. and H. Abiri, "Parametric study of novel types of dielectric resonator antennas based on fractal geometry," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer- Aided Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 4, 416-424, 2007.
doi:10.1002/mmce.20240

37. Gangwar, R. K., S. P. Singh, and D. Kumar, "A modified fractal rectangular curve dielectric resonator antenna for WiMAX application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 12, 37-51, 2010.

38. Ghatak, R., D. Soren, R. K. Mishra, and D. P. Poddar, "Investigations on modified rectangular fractal curve shaped dielectric resonator antenna," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 3, 394-401, May 2012.

39. Fan, Z. and Y. M. M. Antar, "Slot-coupled DR antenna for dual-frequency operation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 2, 306-308, 1997.

40. Kishk, A. A., X. Zhang, A. W. Glisson, and D. Kajfez, "Numerical analysis of stacked dielectric resonator antenna excited by a coaxial probe for wideband applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 8, 1996-2005, 2003.

41. Pliakostathis, K. and D. Mirshekar-Syahkal, "Stepped dielectric resonator antenna for wideband applications," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Dig., Vol. 2, 1367-1370, USA, 2004.

42. Al Sharkawy, M. H., A. Z. Elsherbeni, and C. E. Smith, "Stacked elliptical dielectric resonator antennas for wideband applications," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Dig., Vol. 2, 1371-1374, USA, 2004.

43. Chair, R., A. A. Kishk, K. F. Lee, and C. E. Smith, "Broadband aperture coupled flipped staired pyramid and conical dielectric resonator antennas," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Dig., Vol. 2, 1375-1378, USA, 2004.

44. Kishk, A. A., "Experimental study of broadband embedded dielectric resonator antennas excited by a narrow slot," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 4, 79-81, 2005.

45. Ong, S. H., A. A. Kishk, and A. W. Glisson, "Wideband disc-ring dielectric resonator antenna," Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., Vol. 85, No. 6, 425-428, 2002.

46. O'keefe, S. G. and S. P. Kingsley, "Tunability of liquid dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 6, 533-536, 2007.

47. Lai, Q. H., G. Almpanis, C. Fumeaux, H. Benedickter, and R. Vahldieck, "Comparison of the radiation patter e±ciency for the dielectric resonator antenna and the microstrip antenna at Ka band," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 11, 3589-3592, 2008.

48. Kishk, B. A. and D. Kajfez, "Broadband stacked dielectric resonator antennas," Electronics Letters, Vol. 25, No. 18, 1232-1233, Aug. 1989.

49. Huang, W. and A. A. Kishk, "Apertures-coupled multi layer cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas and modal nalysis," Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) 2007 Conf., Verona, Italy, Mar. 19-23, 2007.

50. Kishk, A. A., A. W. Glisson, and G. P. Junker, "Bandwidth enhancement for split cylindricl dielectric resonator antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 33, 97-118, 2001.

51. Guha, D. and Y. M. M. Antar, "Four-element cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband monopole-like radiation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 9, 2657-2662, Sep. 2006.

52. Walsh, A. G., S. Christopher, D. Young, and S. A. Long, "An investigation of stacked and embedded cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, 130-133, 2006.

53. Huang, W. and A. A. Kishk, "Compact wideband multi-layer cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas," IET Microwave Antennas Propagation, Vol. 1, No. 5, 998-1005, Oct. 2007.

54. Chang, T.-H. and J.-F. Kiang, "Broadband dielectric resonator antenna with metal coating," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 5, 1254-1259, May 2007.

55. Leung, K. W. and K. K. So, "Theory and experiment of the wideband two-layer hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 4, 1280-1284, Apr. 2009.

56. Gangwar, R. K., S. P. Singh, and D. Kumar, "Wideband dual segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna terminate in bio-media," Latest Trends on Communications and Information Technology, 64-68, Apr. 2010.

57. Crog, F. and A. Papiernik, "Large bandwidth aperture coupled microstrip antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 26, No. 16, 1293-1294, 1990.

58. Rao, Q., T. A. Denidni, and R. H. Johnston, "A novel feed for a multi-frequency hybrid resonator antenna," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 15, No. 4, 238-240, 2005.

59. Esselle, K. P. and T. S. Bird, "A hybrid-resonator antenna: Experimental results," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 2, 870-871, 2005.

60. Rao, Q., T. A. Denidni, A. R. Sebak, and R. H. Johnston, "On improving impedance matching of a CPW fed low permittivity dielectric resonator antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 53, 21-29, 2005.

61. Buerkle, A., K. Sarabandi, and H. Mosallaei, "Compact slot and dielectric resonator antenna with dual-resonance, broadband characteristics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1020-1027, 2005.

62. Leung, K. W. and C. K. Leung, "Wideband dielectric resonator antenna excited by cavity-backed circular aperture with microstrip tuning fork," Electronics Letters, Vol. 39, No. 14, 1033-1035, Jul. 2003.

63. Bijumon, P. V., S. K. Menon, M. N. Suma, M. T. Sebastian, and P. Mohanan, "Broadband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna excited by modified microstrip line," Electronics Letters, Vol. 41, No. 7, 385-387, Mar. 2005.

64. Gao, Y., B. L. Ooi, W. B. Ewe, and A. P. Popov, "A compact wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, No. 4, 227-229, Apr. 2006.

65. Gao, Y., A. P. Popov, B. L. Ooi, and M. S. Leong, "Experimental study of wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna on small ground plane," Electronics Letters, Vol. 42, No. 13, 731-733, Jun. 2006.

66. Khoo, K. W., Y. X. Guo, and L. C. Ong, "Wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 7, 1929-1932, Jul. 2007.

67. Nasimuddin, K. P. Esselle, "Antennas with Dielectric Resonators and Surface mounted Short Horns for high gain and large Bandwidth," IET Microwave Antennas Propagation, Vol. 1, No. 3, 723-728, Jun. 2007.

68. Li, B., C. X. Hao, and X. Q. Sheng, "A dual-mode quadrature-fed wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 1036-1038, 2009.

69. Massie, G., M. Caillet, M. Clenet, and Y. M. M. Antar, "A new wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 347-350, 2010.

70. Lim, E. H., K. W. Leung, and X. S. Fang, "The compact circularly-polarized hollow rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with an under laid quadrature coupler," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 1, 288-293, Jan. 2011.

71. Shum, S. M. and K. M. Luk, "Characteristics of dielectric ring resonator antenna with air gap," Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 4, 111-121, Feb. 1994.

72. Guo, Y. X., Y. F. Ruan, and X. Q. Shi, "Wide band stacked the compact circularly-polarized hollow rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with an under laid quadrature coupler," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 1, 288-293, Jan. 2011.

73. Chair, R., A. A. Kishk, and K. F. Lee, "Experimental investigation for wideband perforated dielectric resonator antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 42, No. 34, 137-139, Feb. 2006.

74. Chang, W. and Z. Feng, "Investigations of a novel wideband feeding technique for dielectric ring resonator antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 348-351, 2009.

75. Simons, R. N. and R. Q. Lee, "Effect of parasitic dielectric resonators on CPW/aperture-coupled dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Proc.-H, Vol. 140, 336-338, Oct. 1993.

76. Leung, K. W. and H. K. Ng, "Theory and experiment of circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a parasitic patch," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 3, 405-412, Mar. 2003.

77. Leung, K. W. and H. K. Ng, "The slot-coupled hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna with a parasitic patch: Applications to the circularly polarized antenna and wide-band antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 5, 1762-1769, May 2005.

78. Ittipiboon, A., A. Petosa, and S. Thirakoune, "Bandwidth enhancement of a monopole using dielectric antenna resonator loading," Proc. ANTEM Conf., 387-390, Montreal, Canada, Aug. 2002.

79. Lapierre, M., Y. M. M. Antar, A. Ittipiboon, and A. Petosa, "Ultra wideband monopole/dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 15, No. 1, 7-9, Jan. 2005.

80. Ittipiboon, A., A. Petosa, S. Thirakoune, D. Lee, M. Lapierre, and Y. M. M. Antar, "Ultra wideband antenna," US Patent No. 6940463 B2, Sep. 2005.

81. Mongia, R. K., A. Ittipiboon, P. Bhartia, and M. Cuhaci, "Electric monopole antenna using a dielectric ring resonator," Electronics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 17, 1530-1531, Aug. 19, 1993.

82. Shum, S. M. and K. M. Luk, "Chracteristics of dielectric ring resonator antenna with an air gap," Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 4, 277-278, Feb. 17, 1994.

83. Junker, G. P., A. A. Kishk, A. W. Glisson, and D. Kaifez, "Effect of air gap on cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna operating in TM01 mode," Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 2, 97-98, Jan. 20, 1994.

85. Ong, S. H., A. A. Kishk, and A. W. Glisson, "Rod-ring dielectric resonator antenna: Research articles," Intl. J. RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 6, 441-446, Nov. 2004.

86. Guha, D., Y. M. M. Antar, A. Ittipiboon, A. Petosa, and D. Lee, "Improved design guidelines for the ultra wideband monopole-dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, 373-377, 2006.

87. Alipour, A. and H. R. Hassani, "A novel omni-directional UWB monopole antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 12, 3854-3857, Dec. 2008.

88. Ghosh, S. and A. Chakrabarty, "Ultra wideband performance of dielectric loaded T-shaped monopole transmit and receive antenna/EMI sensor," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 358-361, 2008.

89. Guha, D., B. Gupta, and Y. Antar, "New pawn-shaped dielectric ring resonator loaded hybrid monopole antenna for improved ultra-wide bandwidth," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 1178-1181, Dec. 2009.

90. Almpanis, G., C. Fumeaux, J. Fröhlich, and R. Vahldieck, "A truncated conical dielectric resonator antenna for body-area network applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 279-282, 2009.

91. Guha, D., B. Gupta, and Y. M. M. Antar, "Hybrid monopole-DRAs using hemispherical/conical- shaped dielectric ring resonators: Improved ultrawideband designs," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 1, 393-398, 2012.

92. Ozzaim, C., "Monopole antenna loaded by a stepped-radius dielectric ring resonator for ultra wide bandwidth," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 843-845, 2011.

93. Chung, J. Y. and C. C. Chen, "Two layer dielectric rod antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 6, 1541-1547, Jun. 2008.

94. Denidni, T. A. and Z. Weng, "Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for ultra wideband applications," Electronics Letters, Vol. 45, No. 24, 1210-1212, Nov. 2009.

95. Huitema, L., M. Koubeissi, C. Decroze, and T. Monediere, "Ultra wideband dielectric resonator antenna for DVB-H and GSM applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 1021-1024, 2009.

96. Denidni, T. A., Z. Weng, and N.-J. Mahmoud, "Z-shaped dielectric resonator antenna for ultra wideband applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 12, 4059-4062, Dec. 2010.

97. Ryu, K. S. and A. A. Kishk, "UWB dielectric resonator antenna having consistent omni directional pattern and low cross-polarization characteristics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1403-1408, Apr. 2011.

98. Ge, Y., K. P. Esselle, and T. S. Bird, "Compact dielectric resonator antennas with ultra wide 60%{ 110% bandwidth," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 9, 3445-3448, Sep. 2011.

99. Denidni, T. A. and Z. Weng, "Hybrid ultrawideband dielectric resonator antenna and band-notched designs," IET Microwave Antennas Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 4, 450-458, 2011.

100. Jazi, M. N. and T. A. Denidni, "Design and implementation of an ultra wideband hybrid skirt monopole dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 493-496, 2008.

101. Ryu, K. S. and A. A. Kishk, "Ultra wideband dielectric resonator antenna with broadside patterns mounted on a vertical ground plane edge," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 4, 1047-1053, Apr. 2010.

102. Wang, Y. Y. and S.-J. Chung, "A new dual-band antenna for WLAN applications," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Dig., Vol. 3, 2611-2614, Jun. 20-25, 2004.

103. Liu, Z. D. and P. S. Hall, "Dual-band antenna for handheld portable telephones," Electronics Letters, Vol. 32, No. 7, 609-610, 1996.

104. Huitema, L., M. Koubeissi, C. Decroze, and T. Monediere, "Compact and multiband dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable radiation pattern," Proc. 4th EuCAP, 1-4, Apr. 12-16, 2010.

105. Hady, L. K., A. A. Kishk, and D. Kajfez, "Dual-band compact DRA with circular and monopole- like linear polarizations as a concept for GPS and WLAN applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 9, 2591-2598, Sep. 2009.

106. Rao, Q., T. A. Denidni, A. R. Sebak, and R. H. Johnston, "Compact independent dual-band hybrid resonator antenna with multifunctional beams," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, 239-242, 2006.

107. Rotaru, M. and J. K. Sykulski, "Numerical investigation on compact multimode dielectric resonator antennas of very high permittivity," Sci., Meas. Technol., Vol. 3, No. 3, 217-228, May 2009.

108. Moon, J. I. and S. O. Park, "Dielectric resonator antenna for dual-band PCS/IMT-2000," Electronics Letters, Vol. 36, No. 12, 1002-1003, Jun. 2000.

109. Amelia, B., S. Kamal, and M. Hossein, "Compact slot and dielectric resonator antenna with dual- resonance, broadband characteristics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1020-1027, Mar. 2005.

110. Rao, Q., T. A. Denidni, and A. R. Sebak, "A new dual frequency hybrid resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 4, 308-311, 2005.

111. Chang, T. H. and J. F. Kiang, "Dual band split dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 11, 3155-3162, Nov. 2007.

112. Lin, Y. F., H. M. Chen, and C. H. Lin, "Compact dual-band hybrid dielectric resonator antenna with radiating slot," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 6-9, 2009.

113. Chen, H. M., Y. K. Wang, Y. F. Lin, S. C. Lin, and S. C. Pan, "A compact dual-band dielectric resonator antenna using a parasitic slot," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 173-176, 2009.

114. Ding, Y. and K. W. Leung, "On the dual-band DRA-slot hybrid antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 3, 624-630, Mar. 2009.

115. Lin, Y. F., H. M. Chen, C. Y. Lin, and S. C. Pan, "Planar inverted-L antenna with a dielectric resonator feed in a mobile device," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 10, 3342-3346, Oct. 2009.

116. Hady, L. K., A. A. Kishk, and D. Kajfez, "Triple mode use of a single dielectric resonator," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 5, 1328-1335, May 2009.

117. Almpanis, G., C. Fumeaux, and R. Vahldieck, "Dual-mode bridge-shaped dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 103-106, 2010.

118. Gao, Y., Z. Feng, and L. Zhang, "Compact CPW-fed dielectric resonator antenna with dual polarization," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 544-547, 2011.

119. Huitema, L., M. Koubeissi, M. Mouhamadou, E. Arnaud, C. Decroze, and T. Monediere, "Compact and multiband dielectric resonator antenna with pattern diversity for multistandard mobile handheld devices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 11, 4201-4208, Nov. 2011.

120. Fang, X. S. and K. W. Leung, "Designs of single-, dual-, wide-band rectangular dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 6, 2409-2414, Jun. 2011.

121. Leung, K. W. and K. K. So, "Waveguide excited dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 132-135, 2001.