Vol. 145
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2014-04-03
Travelling Wave Mechanism and Novel Analysis of the Planar Archimedean Spiral Antenna in Free Space
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 145, 287-298, 2014
Abstract
While Archimedean spiral antennas were invented a half-century ago, only self-complementary impedance can be evaluated directly from the Babinet's principle. This paper examines the effects of metal width and arm spacing on printed spiral's input impedance. A model is proposed based on examination by decomposition of planar spiral. A closed-form expression for the input impedance of Archimedean spiral antenna is obtained by evaluating the proposed model with conformal mapping techniques. Full-wave numerical simulations, Babinet's principle, and a fabricated antenna demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model. The expression in this work can be used to find the impedance of a variety of spiral complementary structures analytically. The examination and discussion on the effects of other parameters and features in addition to the spiral itself are also provided through numerical simulation.
Citation
Teng-Kai Chen, and Gregory H. Huff, "Travelling Wave Mechanism and Novel Analysis of the Planar Archimedean Spiral Antenna in Free Space," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 145, 287-298, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIER14011901
References

1. Turner, E. M., "Spiral slot antenna,", United States Patent US2863145 A, 1958.

2. Curtis, W., "Spiral antennas," IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 8, No. 3, 298-306, 1960.

3. Kaiser, J., "The Archimedean two-wire spiral antenna," IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 8, No. 3, 312-323, 1960.

4. Dyson, J. D., R. Bawer, P. E. Mayes, and J. I. Wolfe, "A note on the difference between equiangular and Archimedes spiral antennas (correspondence)," IRE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 9, No. 2, 203-205, 1961.

5. Lacko, P., "Archimedean-spiral and log-spiral antenna comparison," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4742, No. 1, 230, 2002.

6. Paolino, D., "Reduced-size spiral antenna design using dielectric overlay loading for use in ground penetrating radar and design of alternative antennas using Vivaldi radiators," Proc. SPIE,, Vol. 4742, No. 1, 218, 2002.

7. Nakano, H., K. Nogami, S. Arai, H. Mimaki, and J. Yamauchi, "A spiral antenna backed by a conducting plane reflector," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 34, No. 6, 791-796, 1986.

8. Champagne, II, N. J., J. T. Williams, R. M. Sharpe, S. U. Hwu, and D. R. Wilton, "Numerical modeling of impedance loaded multi-arm Archimedean spiral antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 40, No. 1, 102-108, 1992.

9. Nakano, H., Y. Shinma, and J. Yamauchi, "A monofilar spiral antenna and its array above a ground plane-formation of a circularly polarized tilted fan beam," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 45, No. 10, 1506-1511, 1997.

10. Nakano, H., K. Hirose, I. Ohshima, and J. Yamauchi, "An integral equation and its application to spiral antennas on semi-infinite dielectric materials," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 46, No. 2, 1506-1511, 1997.

10. Nakano, H., K. Hirose, I. Ohshima, and J. Yamauchi, "An integral equation and its application to spiral antennas on semi-infinite dielectric materials," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 46, No. 2, 267-274, 1998.

11. Li, R.-L. and H. Nakano, "Numerical analysis of arbitrarily shaped probe-excited single-arm printed wire antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 46, No. 9, 1307-1317, 1998.

12. Khamas, S. K. and G. G. Cook, "Moment-method analysis of printed wire spirals using curved piecewise sinusoidal subdomain basis and testing functions," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 45, No. 6, 1016-1022, 1997.

13. Khamas, S. K., P. L. Starke, and G. G. Cook, "Design of a printed spiral antenna with a dielectric superstrate using an e±cient curved segment moment method with optimisation using marginal distributions," IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 151, No. 4, 315-320, 2004.

14. Fumeaux, C., D. Baumann, and R. Vahldieck, "Finite-volume time-domain analysis of a cavity-backed Archimedean spiral antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 3, 844-851, 2006.

15. Penney, C. W. and R. J. Luebbers, "Input impedance, radiation pattern, and radar cross section of spiral antennas using FDTD," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 42, No. 9, 1328-1332, 1994.

16. Nakano, H., H. Yasui, and J. Yamauchi, "Numerical analysis of two-arm spiral antennas printed on a finite-size dielectric substrate," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 50, No. 3, 362-370, 2002.

17. Nakano, H., M. Ikeda, K. Hitosugi, and J. Yamauchi, "A spiral antenna sandwiched by dielectric layers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 52, No. 6, 1417-1423, 2004.

18. Nakano, H., R. Satake, and J. Yamauchi, "Extremely low-profile, single-arm, wideband spiral antenna radiating a circularly polarized wave," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 5, 1511-1520, 2010.

19. Nakano, H., T. Igarashi, H. Oyanagi, Y. Iitsuka, and J. Yamauchi, "Unbalanced-mode spiral antenna backed by an extremely shallow cavity," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, No. 6, 1625-1633, 2009.

20. Afsar, M. N., W. Yong, and R. Cheung, "Analysis and measurement of a broadband spiral antenna," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 46, No. 1, 59-64, 2004.

21. Li, R. and G. Ni, "Numerical analysis of 4-arm Archimedian printed spiral antenna," IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 33, No. 2, 1512-1515, 1997.

22. Zhou, D., S. Gao, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, C. Zhang, M. S. Alkhambashi, and J. D. Xu, "Design and optimisation of compact hybrid quadrifilar helical-spiral antenna in GPS applications using genetic algorithm," 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 1-4, 2012.

23. Gschwendtner, E. and W. Wiesbeck, "Ultra-broadband car antennas for communications and navigation applications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 51, No. 8, 2020-2027, 2003.

24. Bell, J. M. and M. F. Iskander, "A low-profile Archimedean spiral antenna using an EBG ground plane," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 3, No. 1, 223-226, 2004.

25. Muller, D. J. and K. Sarabandi, "Design and analysis of a 3-arm spiral antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 2, 258-266, 2007.

26. Huffman, J. A. and T. Cencich, "Modal impedances of planar, non-complementary, N-fold symmetric antenna structures," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 47, No. 1, 110-116, 2005.

27. Chen, T.-K. and G. H. Huff, "Modal resistance of spiral antenna," J. Electromagn. Anal. Appl., Vol. 5, No. 5, 223-228, 2013.

28. Nakano, H., S. Sasaki, H. Oyanagi, and J. Yamauchi, "Cavity-backed Archimedean spiral antenna with strip absorber," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 2, No. 7, 725-730, 2008.

29. Chen, T.-K. and G. H. Huff, "Design and analysis of a stripline Archimedean snail antenna," PIERS Proceedings, 775-779, Taipei, Mar. 25-28, 2013.

20. HFSS, V12.0, Ansoft Corporation, , Pittsburgh, PA, 2010.

31. Gupta, K. C., R. Garg, I. Bahl, and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Lines and Slotlines, 2nd Ed., Artech House, Norwood, Massachusetts, 1996.

32. Collin, R. E., "Foundations for Microwave Engineering," Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2000.

33. Chen, T.-K. and G. H. Huff, "Analytical investigation of periodic coplanar waveguides," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 30, 167-181, 2013.

34. Bedair, S. S. and I. Wolff, "Fast, accurate and simple approximate analytic formulas for calculating the parameters of supported coplanar waveguides for (M)MIC's," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 40, No. 1, 41-48, 1992.

35. Ghione, G. and C. U. Naldi, "Coplanar waveguides for MMIC applications: Effect of upper shielding, conductor backing, ¯nite-extent ground planes, and line-to-line coupling," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 35, No. 3, 260-267, 1987.

36. Chang, K., I. Bahl, and V. Nair, RF and Microwave Circuit and Component Design for Wireless Systems, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.

37. Booker, H. G., "Slot aerials and their relation to complementary wire aerials (Babinet's principle)," J. Inst. Elect. Eng. --- Part IIIA: Radiolocation, Vol. 93, No. 4, 620-626, 1946.

38. Deschamps, G., "Impedance properties of complementary multiterminal planar structures," IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 7, No. 5, 371-378, 1959.

39. ROHACELL R Structural Foam, Evonik Industries AG, , Essen, Germany, 2013.

40. Dyson, J., "The equiangular spiral antenna," IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 7, No. 2, 181-187, 1959.

41. Tu, W.-H., M.-Y. Li, and K. Chang, "Broadband microstrip-coplanar stripline-fed circularly polarized spiral antenna," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., 3669-3672, 2006.

42. Thaysen, J., K. B. Jakobsen, and J. Appel-Hansen, "A wideband balun --- How does it work?," Appl. Microw. Wireless, Vol. 12, No. 10, 40-50, 2000.

43. Chen, T.-K. and G. H. Huff, "Stripline-fed Archimedean spiral antenna," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 10, 346-349, 2011.

44. Driscoll, T. A. and L. N. Trefethen, Schwarz-Christoffel Mapping, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002.

45. Gradshteifin, I. S., I. M. Ryzhik, and , Table of Integrals, Series and Products, 7th Ed., Academic Press, Oxford, UK, 2007.