Vol. 122
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2011-11-18
A New Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar for Environmental Monitoring
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 122, 245-268, 2012
Abstract
A new Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been developed at Multimedia University, in collaboration with Agency of Remote Sensing Malaysia. The SAR operates at C-band, single $VV$-polarization, with 5 m x 5 m spatial resolution. Its unique features include compact in size, light weight, low power and capable of performing real-time imaging. A series of field measurements and flight tests has been conducted and good quality SAR images have been obtained. The system will be used for monitoring and management of earth resources such as paddy fields, oil palm plantation and soil surface. This paper reports the system design and development, as well as some preliminary results of the UAVSAR.
Citation
Voon Koo, Yee Kit Chan, Gobi Vetharatnam, Chua Ming Yam, Chot Hun Lim, Chee Siong Lim, C. C. Thum, Tien Sze Lim, Zahid bin Ahmad, Khairul Annuar Mahmood, Mohd Hamadi Bin Shahid, Chin Yang Ang, Wei Qiang Tan, Poi Ngee Tan, Kuo Shen Yee, W. G. Cheaw, Huey Shen Boey, A. L. Choo, and Bee Cheng Sew, "A New Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar for Environmental Monitoring," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 122, 245-268, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11092604
References

1. Skolnik, M. I., Radar Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970.

2. Curlander, J. C. and R. N. McDonough, "Synthetic Aperture Radar: System and Signal Processing," A Wiley Interscience Publication, 1991.

3. Wiley, C. A., "Synthetic aperture radar --- A paradigm for technology evolution," IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 21, 440-443, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAES.1985.310578

4. Ausherman, D. A., A. Kozma, J. L. Walkeretal, H. M. Jones, and E. C. Poggio, "Developments in radar imaging," IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 20, No. 4, 363-440, 1984.
doi:10.1109/TAES.1984.4502060

5. Ulaby, F. T., R. K. Moore, and A. K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing-active and Passive, Vol. 2, Addison Wesley, 1981.

6. Drinkwater, M. K., R. Kwok, and E. Rignot, "Synthetic aperture radar polarimetry of sea ice," Proceeding of the 1990 International Geoscience and Remmote Sensing Symposium, Vol. 2, 1525-1528, 1990.
doi:10.1109/IGARSS.1990.688793

7. Lynne, G. L. and G. R. Taylor, "Geological assessment of SIR-B imagery of the amadeus basin," IEEE Trans. on Geosc. and Remote Sensing, Vol. 24, No. 4, 575-581, 1986.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.1986.289673

8. Hovland, H. A., J. A. Johannessen, and G. Digranes, "Slick detection in SAR images," Proceeding of the 1994 International eoscience and Remmote Sensing Symposium, 2038-2040, 1994.

9. Walker, B., G. Sander, M. Thompson, B. Burns, R. Fellerhoff, and D. Dubbert, "A high-resolution, four-band SAR testbed with real-time image formation," Proceeding of the 1986 International Geoscience and Remmote Sensing Symposium, 1881-1885, 1996.

10. Storvold, R., E. Malnes, Y. Larsen, K. A. H¿gda, S. E. Hamran, K. Müller, and K. A. Langley, "SAR remote sensing of snow parameters in Norwegian areas --- Current status and future perspective," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 13, 1751-1759, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292192

11. Kong, J. A., S. H. Yueh, H. H. Lim, R. T. Shin, and J. J. van Zyl, "Classification of earth terrain using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 3, 327-370, 1990.

12. Taylor, J. W. R., Jane's Pocket Book of Remotely Piloted Vehicles, Collier Books, New York, 1977.

13. Yong, J. M., Secrets of Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Defense University Publisher, China, 2004.

14. Wall, R., Trial Run: Sigint Version, Not Maritime Patrol, Attracts Initial German Interest in Global Hawk, 42-43, McGraw-Hill, USA, 2003.

15. Zaugg, E. C., D. L. Hudson, and D. G. Long, "The BYU SAR: A small, student-built SAR for UAV operation," The 2006 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 411-414, 2006.

16. Hensley, S., K. Wheeler, G. Sadowy, et al. "Status of a UAVSAR designed for repeat pass interferometry for deformation measurements," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1453-1456, 2005.

17. Wheeler, K., K., S. Hensley, Y. Lou, T. Miller, and J. Hoffman, "An L band SAR for repeat pass deformation measurements on a UAV platform ," Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference, 317-322, 2004.

18. Rosen, P. A., S. Hensley, K. Wheeler, G. Sadowy, T. Miller, S. Shaffer, R. Muellerschoen, C. Jones, H. Zebker, and S. Madsen, "UAVSAR: A new NASA airborne SAR system for science and technology research," IEEE Conference on Radar, 22-29, 2006.

19. Rosen, P. A., S. Hensley, K. Wheeler, G. Sadowy, T. Miller, S. Shaffer, R. Muellerschoen, C. Jones, S. Madsen, and H. Zebker, "UAVSAR: Airborne SAR system for research," IEEE A&E Systems Magazine, 21-28, 2007.

20. Weib, M. and J. H. G. Ender, "A 3D imaging radar for small unmanned airplanes --- ARTINO," Radar Conference, 209-212, 2005.

21. Weiss, M., O. Peters, and J. Ender, "A three dimensional SAR system on an UAV," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 5315-5318, 2007.

22. Wells, L., K. Sorensen, A. Doerry, and B. Remund, "Developments in SAR and IFSAR systems and technologies at sandia national laboratories," IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, 1085-1095, 2005.

23. Tsunoda, S. I., F. Pace, J. Stence, M. Woodring, W. H. Hensley, A. W. Doerry, and B. C. Walker, "Lynx: A high-resolution synthetic aperture radar," IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5, 51-58, 2000.

24. Saldana, R. R. and F. P. Martinez, "Design of a millimetre synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard UAV's ," IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 1-5, 2007.
doi:10.1109/ICECS.2007.4510916

25. Peihong, R., "High-resolution 8mm radar imaging technique," International Conference on Radar, 1-3, 2006.
doi:10.1109/ICR.2006.343140

26. Wissan, Y. V., I. Firmansyah, P. Rizki Akbar, J. T. Sri Sumantyo, and H. Kuze, "Development of circularly polarized array antenna for synthetic aperture radar sensor installed on UAV," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 19, 119-133, 2011.

27. Chan, Y. K., M. K. Azlindawaty, V. Gobi, B. K. Chung, and H. T. Chuah, "The design and development of airborne synthetic aperture radar," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vol. 2, 518-520, Jul. 2000.

28. Koo, V. C., Y. K. Chan, V. Gobi, T. S. Lim, B.-K. Chung, and H.-T. Chuah, "The MASAR project: Design and development," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 50, 279-298, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04071201

29. Chan, Y. K., B.-K. Chung, and H.-T. Chuah, "Transmitter and receiver design of an experimental airborne synthetic aperture radar sensor," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 49, 203-218, 2004.
doi:10.2528/PIER04031601

30. Gobi, V., B. K. Chung, and H. T. Chuah, "Design of a microstrip patch antenna for airborne SAR applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 12, 1687-1701, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775537447

31. Chua, M. Y. and V. C. Koo, "FPGA-based chirp generator for high resolution UAV SAR," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 99, 71-88, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09100301

32. International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) World Radio-communication Conference 1997 (WRC-97).

33. Ulaby, F. T. and M. C. Dobson, Handbook of Radar Scattering Statistics for Terrain, Artech House, Norwood, 1989.

34. Cumming, I. G. and F. H. Wong, Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data, Artech House, Norwood, 2005.