Vol. 46
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
0000-00-00
Design of Switched Beam Planar Arrays Using the Method of Genetic Algorithms
By
, Vol. 46, 105-126, 2004
Abstract
A system consisting of a smart antenna and a processor can perform filtering in both the time and space domain,th us reducing the sensitivity of the receiver to interfering directional noise sources. Smart antennas can be used for further increase in the capacity of a communication system and for variable speed of transmission for multimedia information. Switched beam antenna arrays are a subset of smart antennas that cover either the x-y plane or a portion of it with multiple radiation patterns. A processor can decide which pattern to use for reception or transmission. In this paper the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) is examined in the design of switched beam antenna arrays. The antenna consists of five or six elements and the radiation patterns vary from 4 to 8, covering the x-y plane with the main beams of the radiation patterns pointing at 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° and 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315° respectively. The positions of the antenna elements are either chosen exclusively by the GA or are assumed to form a circular array with one central element and the GA decides for the radius and the offset angle of the circle. Furthermore, the GA is asked to design an array covering the first 120° of the x-y plane with 4 radiation patterns pointing at 15°, 45°, 75° and 105°. Such a configuration can be used in sector antennas,whic h are widely used in 2G mobile communication systems.
Citation
Stelios Mitilineos, Chrysoula Papagianni, Georgia Verikaki, and Christos N. Capsalis, "Design of Switched Beam Planar Arrays Using the Method of Genetic Algorithms," , Vol. 46, 105-126, 2004.
doi:10.2528/PIER03080802
References

1. Winters, J. H. (AT&T Labs Research), "Smart antennas for wireless systems," IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 1, No. 2, 23-27, 1998.
doi:10.1109/98.656155

2. Shannon, C. E., "A mathematical theory of communication," The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, No. 10, 623-656, 1948.

3. Godara, L. C., "Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications, Part I: Performance improvement,feasibilit y, and system considerations," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 7, 1031-1060, 1997.

4. Varlamos, P . K. and C. N. Capsalis, "Design of a six-sector switched parasitic planar array using the method of genetic algorithms," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2003.
doi:10.1023/A:1025329912599

5. Liberti Jr., J. C. and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall, 1999.

6. Foschini, G. J. and M. J. Gans, "On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1998.
doi:10.1023/A:1008889222784

7. Golden, G. D., G. J. Foschini, R. A. Valenzuela, and P. W. Wolniansky, "Detection algorithm and initial laboratory results using V-BLAST space-time communication architecture," Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1999.
doi:10.1049/el:19990058

8. Foschini, G. J., "La yered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multiple antennas," Bell Labs Technical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 41-59, 1996.
doi:10.1002/bltj.2015

9. Martone, M., Multi Antenna Digital Radio Transmission, Artec h House, Boston, U.S.A., 2002.

10. Rahmat-Samii, Y. and E. Michielssen, Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999.

11. Goldberg, D. E., Optimization and Machine Learning: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1989.

12. Houck, C. R., J. A. Joines, and M. G. Kay, "A genetic algorithm for function optimization: A matlab implementation," http://www.ie.ncsu.edu:80/mirage/GAToolBox/gaot/.

13. Balanis, C. A., Analysis and Design: Antenna Theory, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1997.

14. Kraus, J. D., Antennas, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill International Editions, 1988.

15. Capsalis, C. and P. Kottis, Keraies Asyrmates Zefkseis, Tziolas Editions, Athens, Greece, 2003.

16. Weile, D. S. and E. Michielssen, "Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electromagnetics — A review," IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Propag., No. 3, 343-353, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.558650

17. Michielssen, E.A. Boag, J. M. Sager, and R. Mittra, "Design of electrically loaded wire antennas using massively parallel genetic algorithms," Proceedings of the URSI Radio Science Meeting, No. 6, 1994.

18. Altman, Z., R. Mittra, and A. Boag, "New designs of ultra wideband communication antennas using a genetic algorithm," IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Propag., Vol. 45, No. 10, 1494-1501, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.633856

19. Werner, P . L.Z. Altman, R. Mittra, D. H. Werner, and A. J. Ferraro, "Genetic algorithm optimization of stacked vertical dipoles above a ground plane," Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium Digest, Vol. 3, 1976-1979, 1997.

20. Jones, E. A. and W. T. Joines, "Design of Yagi-Uola antennas using genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Propag., Vol. 45, No. 9, 1386-1392, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.623128

21. Ares-Pena, F. J., J. A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, E. S. Villanueva- Lopez, and S. R. Rengarajan, "Genetic algorithms in the design and optimization of antenna array patterns," IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Propag., Vol. 47, No. 3, 506-510, 1996.
doi:10.1109/8.768786