volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, an SM-PB (Sparse Matrix Canonical Grid method-Physics Based Two Grid) acceleration algorithm is proposed which can be used to calculate electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional rough surfaces with large dielectric constants. Firstly, a two-dimensional rough surface model is established based on the Monte Carlo method and Gaussian spectral function, and a conical incident wave with Gaussian characteristics is introduced to eliminate the error caused by artificial truncation of the rough surface. In the scattering calculation, the integral equation of the rough surface is processed by the SMCG algorithm, and then the matrix equation is further processed by applying the PBTG algorithm to decompose the matrix equation into the very near-field matrix, near-field matrix and far-field matrix. The FFT method is then used to calculate the matrix vector product during the iteration for fast computation. The proposed algorithm and the MOM algorithm were compared from the perspectives of computational accuracy and efficiency. Through comparison, it was found that the two algorithms produced highly consistent results, validating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm demonstrated a significant advantage in computational efficiency, with considerable efficiency also observed for large-scale rough surfaces. The electromagnetic scattering from rough surfaces with large dielectric constants was calculated, and the influence of the correlation distance r_d and dielectric constant on the electromagnetic scattering characteristics was investigated. It was found that it is important to set a reasonable value of r_d in order to balance calculation accuracy and calculation efficiency.

1. Wagner, Wolfgang, Roland Lindorfer, Thomas Melzer, Sebastian Hahn, Bernhard Bauer-Marschallinger, Keith Morrison, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Stephen Hobbs, Raphael Quast, Isabella Greimeister-Pfeil, and Mariette Vreugdenhil, "Widespread occurrence of anomalous C-band backscatter signals in arid environments caused by subsurface scattering," Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 276, 113025, Jul. 2022.
doi:10.1016/j.rse.2022.113025

2. Li, Jinxing, Min Zhang, Wangqiang Jiang, and Pengbo Wei, "Improved FBAM and GO/PO Method for EM Scattering Analyses of Ship Targets in a Marine Environment," Sensors, Vol. 20, No. 17, 4735, Sep. 2020.
doi:10.3390/s20174735

3. Bouchet, Dorian, Remi Carminati, and Allard P. Mosk, "Influence of the local scattering environment on the localization precision of single particles," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, 133903, Apr. 2020.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.133903

4. Li, Jinxing, Min Zhang, Liuying Wang, and Yongchang Jiao, "An efficient way for studying the EM scattering from a marine environment with multiple ships," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 9, 1526-1530, Sep. 2020.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2020.3008411

5. Jiang, Jingning, Xiang Pan, and T. C. Yang, "Sparse reconstruction-based inverse scattering imaging in a shallow water environment," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 180305-180316, 2020.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3025715

6. DeCourcy, Brendan J. and Timothy F. Duda, "Mode coupling and scattering in a submarine canyon environment," The Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 146, No. 4, 2887-2887, 2019.
doi:10.1121/1.5137018

7. Gunderson, Aaron, "Applying a numerical Green's function approach to scattering within complex seafloor environments," The Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 146, No. 4, 2905-2906, 2019.
doi:10.1121/1.5137081

8. Xue, Wei, Zhiming Chen, Weiwei Tian, Yunhua Wu, and Bing Hua, "A cascade defense method for multidomain adversarial attacks under remote sensing detection," Remote Sensing, Vol. 14, No. 15, Aug. 2022.
doi:10.3390/rs14153559

9. Ma, Tian J., "Remote sensing detection enhancement," Journal of Big Data, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1-13, Oct. 2021.
doi:10.1186/s40537-021-00517-8

10. Li, Zheng, Yi Hua Hu, and Fei Yan, "Feature analysis and extraction of complex motion target based on coherent laser remote sensing detection," Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 588, 1076-1080, 2012.

11. Lv, Peng, Yuanhe Tang, Kai Liu, Binglong Zhang, Shijia Wang, and Yufei Du, "Study CCD image motion for remote sensing detection," 27th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, Vol. 6279, No. 1-3, 1528-1534, Xian, China, Sep. 2007.
doi:10.1117/12.725458

12. Keder, J., M. Strizík, P. Berger, A. Cerny, P. Engst, and I. Nemcovaá, "Remote sensing detection of atmospheric pollutants by differential absorption LIDAR 510M/SODAR PA2 mobile system," Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 85, No. 1-3, 155-164, Jan. 2004.
doi:10.1007/s00703-003-0042-y

13. Zhou, C. B., W. G. Huang, J. S. Yang, F. Bin, H. G. Zhang, D. L. Li, A. Q. Shi, Q. M.Xiao, and X. L. Lou, "Remote sensing detection of complex oceanic features by using multi-parameter synthetic aperture radar (SAR)," Atmospheric and Oceanic Processes, Dynamics, and Climate Change, Vol. 4899, 160-164, Oct. 2003.
doi:10.1117/12.466581

14. Liu, Zhendong, "Radar image processing and simulation technology based on wavelet transform," Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vol. 128, No. 1, SI, 98, Jan. 2021.

15. Liu, Huabin, Fuwen Pang, Zhen Fu, and Chang Liu, "Marine radar image processing of compressed sensing based on arbitrary block statistical histogram and dynamic dictionary," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 57383-57398, 2019.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913744

16. Sumaiya, M. N. and R. Shantha Selva Kumari, "SAR image despeckling using heavy-tailed Burr distribution," Signal Image and Video Processing, Vol. 11, No. 1, 49-55, Jan. 2017.
doi:10.1007/s11760-016-0890-9

17. Heymann, Frank, P. Banyś, and C. Saez, "Radar image processing and AIS target fusion," TransNav: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 9, No. 3, 443-448, 2015.
doi:10.12716/1001.09.03.18

18. Goller, Alois and Franz Leberl, "Radar image processing with clusters of computers," IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 24, No. 1, 18-22, Jan. 2009.
doi:10.1109/MAES.2009.4772750

19. Jin, Jian-Ming, The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

20. Taflove, Allen and Susan C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Artech House, Boston, 2005.

21. Yee, Kane, "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 14, No. 3, 302-307, 1966.

22. Harrington, Roger F., Field Computation by Moment Methods, Macmillan Company, New York, 1968.

23. Dölz, J., "A higher order perturbation approach for electromagnetic scattering problems on random domains," SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification, Vol. 8, No. 2, 748-774, 2020.
doi:10.1137/19M1274365

24. Ozgun, Ozlem, Raj Mittra, and Mustafa Kuzuoglu, "A novel CEM technique for modeling electromagnetic scattering from metasurfaces," International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, Vol. 33, No. 2, e2681, Mar. 2020.
doi:10.1002/jnm.2681

25. He, Wentao, Xiaolong Weng, Wei Luo, Haiyan Chen, Xueyu Wu, Kai Li, Yan Huang, and Beiping Liu, "Modeling of camouflage grass and the calculation of its electromagnetic scattering characteristics," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 45033-45040, 2020.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977771

26. Pan, George W., Wavelets in Electromagnetics and Device Modeling, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
doi:10.1002/0471433918

27. Braunisch, H., Y. Zhang, C. O. Ao, S. E. Shih, Y. E. Yang, K. H. Ding, J. A. Kong, and L. Tsang, "Tapered wave with dominant polarization state for all angles of incidence," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 48, No. 7, 1086-1096, Jul. 2000.
doi:10.1109/8.876328

Dr. Shaoliang Yuan