volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Human breast is a heterogeneous medium for microwave signal. Breast cancer detection using microwave imaging is done based on signal scattered by breast tissues at different frequencies. Wave propagation direction is extremely important in heterogeneous medium like human breast. In this paper, the effect of wave propagation direction on the dielectric profile reconstruction is simulated in the presence of noise. X and Y directed transverse electric (TE) waves are considered for numerical breast phantom heterogeneity exploitation. Wave propagating in Y direction results into better dielectric profile reconstruction than X directed wave. Signal to noise ratio is very crucial for microwave imaging because information resides in low power scattered electric signal. Results show that SNR of at least 30 dB is required to detect cancer by solving extremely under-determined system of scattering equations.

1. Yee, K., "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equations in isotropic media," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 14, No. 3, 302-307, 1996.

2. Taflove, A., "Application of the finite-difference time-domain method to sinusoidal steady-state electromagnetic-penetration problems," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 22, No. 3, 191-202, 1980.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.1980.303879

3. Hagness, S. C., A. Taflove, and J. E. Bridges, "Two-dimensional FDTD analysis of a pulsed microwave confocal system for breast cancer detection: Fixed-focus and antenna-array sensors," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 45, No. 12, 1470-1479, 1998.
doi:10.1109/10.730440

4. Bond, E. J., X. Li, S. C. Hagness, and B. D. Van Veen, "Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early detection of breast cancer," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 8, 1690-1705, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.815446

5. Li, X., S. K. Davis, S. C. Hagness, D. W. Van der Weide, and B. D. Van Veen, "Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming: Experimental investigation of tumor detection in multilayer breast phantoms," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, No. 8, 1856-1865, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.832686

6. Lazebnik, M., L. McCartney, D. Popovic, C. B. Watkins, M. J. Lindstrom, J. Harter, S. Sewall, A. Magliocco, J. H. Booske, M. Okoniewski, and S. C. Hagness, "A large-scale study of the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of normal breast tissue obtained from reduction surgeries," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 52, No. 10, 2637, 2007.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/10/001

7. Lazebnik, M., D. Popovic, L. McCartney, C. B. Watkins, M. J. Lindstrom, J. Harter, S. Sewall, T. Ogilvie, A. Magliocco, T. M. Breslin, and W. Temple, "A large-scale study of the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of normal, benign and malignant breast tissues obtained from cancer surgeries," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 52, No. 20, 6093, 2007.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/20/002

8. Lazebnik, M., M. Okoniewski, J. H. Booske, and S. C. Hagness, "Highly accurate Debye models for normal and malignant breast tissue dielectric properties at microwave frequencies," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 17, No. 12, 822-824, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2007.910465

9. Zastrow, E., S. K. Davis, M. Lazebnik, F. Kelcz, B. D. Van Veen, and S. C. Hagness, "Development of anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms with accurate dielectric properties for modeling microwave interactions with the human breast," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 12, 2792-2800, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2008.2002130

10. Shea, J. D., P. Kosmas, S. C. Hagness, and B. D. Van Veen, "Three-dimensional microwave imaging of realistic numerical breast phantoms via a multiple-frequency inverse scattering technique," Medical Physics, Vol. 37, No. 8, 4210-4226, 2010.
doi:10.1118/1.3443569

11. Colgan, T. J., S. C. Hagness, and B. D. Van Veen, "A 3-D level set method for microwave breast imaging," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 62, No. 10, 2526-2534, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2015.2435735

12. Jesinger, R. A., "Breast anatomy for the interventionalist," Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 3-9, 2014.
doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2013.12.002

13. Rubk, T., P. M. Meaney, P. Meincke, and K. D. Paulsen, "Nonlinear microwave imaging for breast-cancer screening using Gauss-Newton’s method and the CGLS inversion algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 8, 2320-2331, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.901993

14. Bourqui, J. and E. C. Fear, "Biological tissues assesment using transmitted microwave signals," 2014 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, 2014.

15. Bourqui, J., J. Garrett, and E. Fear, "Measurement and analysis of microwave frequency signals transmitted through the breast," Journal of Biomedical Imaging, 2012.

16. Gedney, S. D., "An anisotropic perfectly matched layer-absorbing medium for the truncation of FDTD lattices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 44, No. 12, 1630-1639, 1996.
doi:10.1109/8.546249

17. Taflove, A. and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics, Artech House, 2005.

18. El-Shenawee, M. and E. L. Miller, "Spherical harmonics microwave algorithm for shape and location reconstruction of breast cancer tumor," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 25, No. 10, 1258-1271, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TMI.2006.881377

Mr. Hardik N. Patel

Dr. Deepak Ghodgaonkar