Vol. 154
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2015-12-10
Performance of the Reflectivity Measurement in a Reverberation Chamber
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 154, 87-100, 2015
Abstract
The reflectivity measurement of materials is an innovative application of a reverberation chamber (RC). In this paper we show an analysis of the performance of the reflectivity measurement in an RC in terms of uncertainty of measurement and relevant noise level. The model for reflectivity measurement, which is already present in literature, is based on the absorption cross section (ACS) measurements. If the ACS measurements are averaged with respect to the configurations of the measurement system, then the relevant uncertainty depends only on the number of independent samples. Here, the performance of the reflectivity measurements is shown in cases where it depends only on the number of independent samples acquired in an RC. Simulations and measurements confirm the validity of the expected results.
Citation
Angelo Gifuni, Horiya Khenouchi, and Gilda Schirinzi, "Performance of the Reflectivity Measurement in a Reverberation Chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 154, 87-100, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIER15072903
References

1. IEC 61000-4-21 "Testing and measurement techniques --- Reverberation chamber test methods," Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Part 4-21, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.

2. Corona, P., M. Migliaccio, and G. Ferrara, "Reverberating chambers as sources of stochastic electromagnetic fields enclosure for measurements of radiated power in the microwave range," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 38, 348-356, May 1996.
doi:10.1109/15.536065

3. Corona, P., G. Latmiral, E. Paolini, and L. Piccioli, "Use of reverberating enclosure for measurements of radiated power in the microwave range," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 18, 54-59, May 1976.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.1976.303466

4. Holloway, C. L., D. A. Hill, J. Ladbury, G. Koepke, and R. Garzia, "Shielding effectiveness measurements of materials using nested reverberation chambers," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 45, 350-356, May 2003.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2003.809117

5. Gifuni, A. and M. Migliaccio, "Use of nested reverberating chambers to measure shielding effectiveness of nonreciprocal samples taking into account multiple interactions," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 50, 783-786, November 2008.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2008.2005271

6. Holloway, C. L., D. A. Hill, M. Sandroni, J. Ladbury, J. Coder, G. Koepke, A. C. Marvin, and Y. He, "Use of reverberation chambers to determine the shielding effectiveness of physically small, electrically large enclosures and cavities," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 50, 770-782, November 2008.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2008.2004580

7. Fang, C.-H., S. Zheng, H. Tan, D. Xie, and Q. Zhang, "Shielding effectiveness measurements on enclosures with various apertures by both mode-tuned reverberation chamber and GTEM cell methodologies," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 2, 103-114, 2008.

8. Mariani, P. V., F. Moglie, and A. P. Pastore, "Field penetration through a wire mesh screen excited by a reverberation chamber field: FDTD analysis and experiments," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 51, No. 4, 883-891, November 2009.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2009.2032650

9. Gifuni, A., G. Ferrara, M. Migliaccio, and A. Sorrentino, "Estimate of the shielding effectiveness of an electrically large enclosure made with pierced metallic plate in a well-stirred reverberati chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 44, 133-144, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERC13081301

10. Lampasi, D. A. and M. S. Sarto, "Shielding effectiveness of a thick multilayered panel in a reverberating chamber," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 53, No. 3, 579-588, August 2011.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2011.2132723

11. Gifuni, A., "Relation between the shielding effectiveness of an electric large enclosure and the wall material under uniform and isotropic field conditions," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 55, 1354-1357, December 2013.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2013.2265040

12. Van De Beek, S., R. Vogt-Ardatjew, H. Schipper, and F. Leferink, "Vibrating intrinsic reverberation chambers for shielding effectiveness measurements," Proc. IEEE, Int. Symp. EMC, 1-6, Rome, IT, September 17-21, 2012.

13. Migliaccio, M., G. Ferrara, A. Gifuni, A. Sorrentino, F. Colangelo, C. Ferone, R. Cioffi, and F. Messina, "Shielding effectiveness tests of low-cost civil engineering materials in a reverberating chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 54, 227-243, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERB13071703

14. Carlberg, U., P.-S. Kildal, A. Wolfang, O. Sotoudeh, and C. Orlenius, "Calculated and measured absorption cross sections of lossy objects in reverberation chamber," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 46, 146-154, May 2004.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2004.826878

15. Gifuni, A., "On the measurement of the absorption cross section and material reflectivity in a reverberation chambe," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 51, 1047-1050, November 2009.

16. Gradoni, G., D. Micheli, F. Moglie, and V. Mariani Primiani, "Absorbing cross section in reverberation chamber: Experimental and numerical results," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 45, 187-202, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERB12090801

17. Lalléchère, S., S. Girard, D. Roux, P. Bonnet, F. Paladian, and A. Vian, "Mode stirred reverberation chamber (msrc): A large and efficient tool to lead high frequency bioelectromagnetic in vitro experimentation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 26, 257-290, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERB10062313

18. Melia, G. C. R., M. P. Robinson, I. D. Flintoft, A. C. Marvin, and J. F. Dawson, "Broadband measurement of absorption cross section of the human body in a reverberation chamber," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 55, 1043-1050, December 2013.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2013.2248735

19. Senic, D., C. L. Holloway, J. M. Ladbury, G. H. Koepke, and A. Šarolic, "Absorption characteristics and SAR of a lossy sphere inside a reverberation chamber," Proc. IEEE 2014 Int. Symp., EMC, Gothenburg, Sweden, Sept. 1-4, 2014.

20. Holloway, C. L., H. A. Haider, R. J. Pirkl, W. F. Yong, D. A. Hill, and J. Ladbury, "Reverberation chamber techniques for determining the radiation and total efficiency of antennas," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 60, 1758-1770, April 2012.

22. Gifuni, A., G. Ferrara, A. Sorrentino, and M. Migliaccio, "Analysis of the measurement uncertainty of the absorption cross section in a reverberation chamber," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. PP, No. 99, 1-4, 2015, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7167691.

23. Holloway, C. L., A. H. David, J. M. Ladbury, P. F. Wilson, G. Koepke, and J. Coder, "On the use of reverberation chambers to simulate a rician radio environment for the testing of wireless devices," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 54, 3167-3177, November 2006.

24. Ferrara, G., M. Migliaccio, and A. Sorrentino, "Characterization of GSM non-line-of-sight propagation channels generated in a reverberating chamber by using bit error rates," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 44, 467-473, August 2007.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2007.903040

25. Gender, E. G., C. L. Holloway, K. A. Remely, J.M. Ladbury, G. Koepke, and H. Garbe, "Simulating the multipath channel with a reverberation chamber: Application to bit error rate measurements," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 52, 766-777, November 2010.

26. Pomianek, A. J., K. Staniec, and Z. Joskiewicz, "Practical remarks on measurement and simulation methods to emulate the wireless channel in the reverberation chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 105, 49-69, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10022605

27. Gifuni, A., A. Sorrentino, G. Ferrara, M. Migliaccio, A. Fanti, and G. Mazzarella, "Measurements on the reflectivity of materials in a reverberating chamber," Proc. Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conf., 1-4, Loughborough, 2011.

28. Gifuni, A., "Metodologia di Misura dell’efficacia dello schermaggio elettromagnetico," Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Dipartimento per le Tecnologie, Napoli, 2005.

29. Aroian, L. A., "The probability function of the product of two normally distributed variables," The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 18, 265-271, 1947.
doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730442

30. Blumenfeld, D., Operations Research Calculations Handbook, CRC Press, New York, B. R. London, New York Washington, D.C., 2001.
doi:10.1201/9781420039221

31. Taylor, B. N. and C. E. Kuyatt, "Guidelines for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of NIST measurement results,", NIST Tech. Note 1297, September 1994.

32. Holloway, C. L., D. A. Hill, J. M. Ladbury, and G. Koepke, "Requirements for an effective reverberation chamber: Unloaded or loaded," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 48, No. 1, 187-193, February 2006.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2006.870709

33. Hayya, J., D. Armstrong, and N. Gressis, "A note on the ratio of two normally distributed variables," Management Science, Theory Series, Vol. 21, No. 11, 1338-1341, July 1975.

34. Hinkley, D. V., "On the ratio of two correlated normal random variables," Biometrika, Vol. 56, No. 3, 635-639, December 1960.
doi:10.1093/biomet/56.3.635